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PYQT5界面嵌套 PYQT5 实现界面的嵌套方式

leonrun 人气:4
想了解PYQT5 实现界面的嵌套方式的相关内容吗,leonrun在本文为您仔细讲解PYQT5界面嵌套的相关知识和一些Code实例,欢迎阅读和指正,我们先划重点:PYQT5,界面嵌套,下面大家一起来学习吧。

新手,因为查阅各种博客太多,有点混,而且也找不到原本的网址了,所以就自己当作笔记记下,以便以后回来查看。

自己比较会的编程语言就只有python了,但是因为老师那边要求做一个桌面应用程序,对于python来说,我比较喜欢的就是用PYQT5了。

这里简单引用下网上的说法:QT原本是诺基亚的产品,源码是用C++写的,python对QT的包装,跨平台,本地显示效果,根据系统决定,在win7就是win7的显示效果;pyqt与qt的函数接口一致,qt开发问的那个丰富,所以pyqt开发文档也比较丰富;控件丰富,函数/方法多,拖曳布局;方便打包成二进制文件;GPL协议,商业程序需要购买商业版授权。

界面的嵌套(可能我说的不太对),在前端里面,是可以使用 iframe 这个标签实现的,但是在qt5里面,其实是可以通过 Splitter 去实现的。

简单演示下:

首先主界面界面:

在Form处设置下水平布局,就如下图:

左右两侧分别是一个frame控件,左侧frame里含有两个按钮,右侧其实我只是用来占位的,后面解释。选中两个frame,点击 Lay out Horizontally in Splitter,将它设置为 Splitter 布局,为了能让要切换的界面在右侧的 frame 显示出来。

接下来是界面1:

界面2:

将三个 .ui文件转为 .py 文件,然后在代码中调整。

第一步:

在index.py文件下导入 first 和 second

from first import Ui_First
from second import Ui_Second

第二步:

在index.py文件下生成 first 和 second 两个子类:

class First(QWidget, Ui_First):
  def __init__(self):
    super(First,self).__init__()
    # 子窗口初始化时实现子窗口布局
    self.setupUi(self)
    # 设置子窗体最小尺寸
    self.setMinimumWidth(30)
    self.setMinimumHeight(30)
 
class Second(QWidget, Ui_Second):
  def __init__(self):
    super(Second,self).__init__()
    self.setupUi(self)
    self.setMinimumWidth(30)
    self.setMinimumHeight(30)

第三步:

在index.py的初始化里面生成两个界面的对象

# 初始化两个对象,并把 first对象 加入到 splitter 中
self.first = First()
self.second = Second()
self.splitter.addWidget(self.first)

这个时候运行可能会报错:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "D:/python/workpace/Normal/cad/index.py", line 93, in <module>
ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
File "D:/python/workpace/Normal/cad/index.py", line 60, in setupUi
self.splitter.addWidget(self.first)
TypeError: addWidget(self, QWidget): argument 1 has unexpected type 'Ui_First'

原因是在 first.py 这个子界面中,是没有菜单栏等这些主界面才有的界面,因为直接用 qt 生成的 ui 文件转化的,所以代码还是带有菜单栏这些的,我们只要注释掉,并且把self.centralwidget换成 对象名即可。(同样 second.py 也要)

最后只要绑定按钮事件

self.pushButton.clicked.connect(lambda :self.change(self.pushButton.objectName()))
self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(lambda :self.change(self.pushButton_2.objectName()))
  def change(self,name):
    if name == "pushButton":
      # 这句的意思是把现在 splitter 的界面设置为None,也就是去掉
      self.splitter.widget(1).setParent(None)
      # 把另一个self.first这个界面插入上一句去掉的那个界面的位置
      self.splitter.insertWidget(1, self.first)
 
    if name == "pushButton_2":
      self.splitter.widget(1).setParent(None)
      self.splitter.insertWidget(1, self.second)

这样运行,就大功告成啦

index.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- 
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'index.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.11.3
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!
 
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget
from first import Ui_First
from second import Ui_Second
 
class Ui_MainWindow(object):
  def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
    MainWindow.setObjectName("MainWindow")
    MainWindow.resize(800, 600)
    self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(MainWindow)
    self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
    self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self.centralwidget)
    self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
    self.splitter = QtWidgets.QSplitter(self.centralwidget)
    self.splitter.setOrientation(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal)
    self.splitter.setObjectName("splitter")
    self.frame = QtWidgets.QFrame(self.splitter)
    self.frame.setMaximumSize(QtCore.QSize(200, 16777215))
    self.frame.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
    self.frame.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
    self.frame.setObjectName("frame")
    self.verticalLayout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.frame)
    self.verticalLayout.setObjectName("verticalLayout")
    self.pushButton = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.frame)
    self.pushButton.setObjectName("pushButton")
    self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton)
    self.pushButton_2 = QtWidgets.QPushButton(self.frame)
    self.pushButton_2.setObjectName("pushButton_2")
    self.verticalLayout.addWidget(self.pushButton_2)
 
    # 这里注释掉,因为不需要frame2。当初在qt 里面设计这个frame2的原因是为了占位,不至于到时候布局出现错乱。
    # self.frame_2 = QtWidgets.QFrame(self.splitter)
    # self.frame_2.setStyleSheet("background-color:white;")
    # self.frame_2.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
    # self.frame_2.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
    # self.frame_2.setObjectName("frame_2")
 
    self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.splitter)
    MainWindow.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
    self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(MainWindow)
    self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23))
    self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
    MainWindow.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
    self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(MainWindow)
    self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
    MainWindow.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
 
    # 初始化两个对象,并把 first对象 加入到 splitter 中
    self.first = First()
    self.second = Second()
    self.splitter.addWidget(self.first)
 
    self.pushButton.clicked.connect(lambda :self.change(self.pushButton.objectName()))
    self.pushButton_2.clicked.connect(lambda :self.change(self.pushButton_2.objectName()))
 
    self.retranslateUi(MainWindow)
    QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(MainWindow)
 
  def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
    _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
    MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
    self.pushButton.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "界面1"))
    self.pushButton_2.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "界面2"))
 
  def change(self,name):
    if name == "pushButton":
      self.splitter.widget(1).setParent(None)
      self.splitter.insertWidget(1, self.first)
 
    if name == "pushButton_2":
      self.splitter.widget(1).setParent(None)
      self.splitter.insertWidget(1, self.second)
 
class First(QWidget, Ui_First):
  def __init__(self):
    super(First,self).__init__()
    # 子窗口初始化时实现子窗口布局
    self.setupUi(self)
 
    # 设置子窗体最小尺寸
    self.setMinimumWidth(30)
    self.setMinimumHeight(30)
 
class Second(QWidget, Ui_Second):
  def __init__(self):
    super(Second,self).__init__()
    self.setupUi(self)
    self.setMinimumWidth(30)
    self.setMinimumHeight(30)
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
  import sys
  app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
  MainWindow = QtWidgets.QMainWindow()
  ui = Ui_MainWindow()
  ui.setupUi(MainWindow)
  MainWindow.show()
  sys.exit(app.exec_())

first.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'first.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.11.3
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!
 
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets 
class Ui_First(object):
  def setupUi(self, Ui_First):
    Ui_First.setObjectName("MainWindow")
    Ui_First.resize(800, 600)
    # self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(Ui_First)
    # self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
    self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(Ui_First)
    self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
    self.frame_2 = QtWidgets.QFrame(Ui_First)
    self.frame_2.setStyleSheet("background-color:white;")
    self.frame_2.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
    self.frame_2.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
    self.frame_2.setObjectName("frame_2")
    self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.frame_2)
    self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(300, 180, 181, 81))
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setPointSize(20)
    font.setBold(True)
    font.setWeight(75)
    self.label.setFont(font)
    self.label.setObjectName("label")
    self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.frame_2)
    # Ui_First.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
    # self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(Ui_First)
    # self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23))
    # self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
    # Ui_First.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
    # self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(Ui_First)
    # self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
    # Ui_First.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
 
    self.retranslateUi(Ui_First)
    QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Ui_First)
 
  def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
    _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
    MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
    self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "这是界面1"))
 

second.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
# Form implementation generated from reading ui file 'second.ui'
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.11.3
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!
 
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets 
class Ui_Second(object):
  def setupUi(self, Ui_Second):
    Ui_Second.setObjectName("MainWindow")
    Ui_Second.resize(800, 600)
    # self.centralwidget = QtWidgets.QWidget(Ui_Second)
    # self.centralwidget.setObjectName("centralwidget")
    self.horizontalLayout = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(Ui_Second)
    self.horizontalLayout.setObjectName("horizontalLayout")
    self.frame_2 = QtWidgets.QFrame(Ui_Second)
    self.frame_2.setStyleSheet("background-color:green;")
    self.frame_2.setFrameShape(QtWidgets.QFrame.StyledPanel)
    self.frame_2.setFrameShadow(QtWidgets.QFrame.Raised)
    self.frame_2.setObjectName("frame_2")
    self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(self.frame_2)
    self.label.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(300, 180, 181, 81))
    font = QtGui.QFont()
    font.setPointSize(20)
    font.setBold(True)
    font.setWeight(75)
    self.label.setFont(font)
    self.label.setObjectName("label")
    self.horizontalLayout.addWidget(self.frame_2)
    # Ui_Second.setCentralWidget(self.centralwidget)
    # self.menubar = QtWidgets.QMenuBar(Ui_Second)
    # self.menubar.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(0, 0, 800, 23))
    # self.menubar.setObjectName("menubar")
    # Ui_Second.setMenuBar(self.menubar)
    # self.statusbar = QtWidgets.QStatusBar(Ui_Second)
    # self.statusbar.setObjectName("statusbar")
    # Ui_Second.setStatusBar(self.statusbar)
 
    self.retranslateUi(Ui_Second)
    QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(Ui_Second) 
  def retranslateUi(self, MainWindow):
    _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
    MainWindow.setWindowTitle(_translate("MainWindow", "MainWindow"))
    self.label.setText(_translate("MainWindow", "这是界面2"))
 

以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持。如有错误或未考虑完全的地方,望不吝赐教。

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