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Spring Boot应用发布到Docker Spring Boot应用发布到Docker的实现

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Spring官网上有一篇Getting Start,介绍了如何使用Docker发布Spring Boot应用,算是比较详细了,不过有些细节没有提及到,而且官网的入门手册是英文版。这里重新整理记录一下,算是给英文不好的小伙伴一个参考,也给自己留个备忘。

准备

需要的工具以及运行环境:

  1. JDK 1.8 or later
  2. Maven 3.0 +
  3. 你喜欢的IDE或其他文本编辑器

创建工程

首先,你需要创建一个Spring Boot工程,Spring Tool Suite和IntelliJ IDEA都自带插件可以创建,还有一种方式是从http://start.spring.io/上创建,推荐使用这种方式。填好表单中的Group IdArtifact Id之后,点击Generate Project按钮就可以生成了,将下载后的工程导入到你喜欢的IDE中。

修改pom.xml文件,添加docker-maven-plugin:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.matrixstudio.springboot</groupId>
  <artifactId>docker</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>docker</name>
  <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

  <parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
    <version>1.5.2.RELEASE</version>
    <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
  </parent>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
    <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    <docker.image.prefix>springio</docker.image.prefix>
  </properties>

  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>

  <build>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
      </plugin>

      <!-- Docker maven plugin -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>com.spotify</groupId>
        <artifactId>docker-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>0.4.3</version>
        <configuration>
          <imageName>${docker.image.prefix}/${project.artifactId}</imageName>
          <dockerDirectory>src/main/docker</dockerDirectory>
          <resources>
            <resource>
              <targetPath>/</targetPath>
              <directory>${project.build.directory}</directory>
              <include>${project.build.finalName}.jar</include>
            </resource>
          </resources>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

docker-maven-plugin插件用于将Spring Boot工程构建为Docker镜像:

  1. imageName表示Docker镜像名称,我们使用Docker的命名规范,命名为:springio/docker
  2. dockerDirectory表示Dockerfile的路径
  3. resource表示在构建时需要的资源文件,这些文件和Dockerfile放在一起,这里只需要Spring Boot生成的jar文件即可。

打开DockerApplication.java文件,修改成如下内容:

package org.matrixstudio.springboot;

import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

@SpringBootApplication
@RestController
public class DockerApplication {

  @RequestMapping("/")
  public String home() {
    return "Hello Docker World";
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(DockerApplication.class, args);
  }
}

编译并运行

执行如下命令运行Spring Boot工程:

mvn package && java -jar target/docker-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar

打开浏览器,输入http://localhost:8080,如果出现“Hello Docker World”说明运行成功。

注:运行上面的命令时,需要从Maven官方仓库中下载很多依赖包,国内网络不太稳定,下载速度较慢,可考虑使用第三方提供的镜像站,比如阿里的Maven镜像仓库。在pom.xml中加入下面配置:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.matrixstudio.springboot</groupId>
  <artifactId>docker</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <!-- Dependencies -->
  ......

  <!-- Build -->
  ......

  <!-- Aliyun repository -->
  <repositories>
    <repository>
    <id>central</id>
      <name>aliyun</name>
      <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
      <releases>
        <enabled>true</enabled>
      </releases>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
</project>

容器化项目

首先要确保你的机器上安装了Docker,如果你的Docker安装在一台Linux服务器上,你需要将上面的Spring Boot工程上传到该服务器上,下面的步骤假设你是在Linux环境上操作。

创建Dockerfile

Docker使用一个名为Dockerfile的文件来指定image层,所以我们首先需要创建一个Dockerfile文件,执行下面的命令创建Dockerfile文件:

sudo tee src/main/docker/Dockerfile <<-'EOF'
FROM frolvlad/alpine-oraclejdk8:slim
VOLUME /tmp
ADD docker-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar app.jar
RUN sh -c 'touch /app.jar'
ENV JAVA_OPTS=""
ENTRYPOINT [ "sh", "-c", "java $JAVA_OPTS -Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom -jar /app.jar" ]
EOF

大概解释一下上面的命令:

  1. VOLUME指向了一个/tmp的目录,由于Spring Boot使用内置的Tomcat容器,Tomcat默认使用/tmp作为工作目录。效果就是在主机的/var/lib/docker目录下创建了一个临时文件,并连接到容器的/tmp。
  2. 将项目的jar文件作为app.jar添加到容器
  3. RUN表示在新创建的镜像中执行一些命令,然后把执行的结果提交到当前镜像。这里使用touch命令来改变文件的修改时间,Docker创建的所有容器文件默认状态都是“未修改”。这对于简单应用来说不需要,不过对于一些静态内容(比如:index.html)的文件就需要一个“修改时间”。
  4. 为了缩短Tomcat的启动时间,我们添加一个java.security.egd的系统属性指向/dev/urandom作为ENTRYPOINT。

构建Docker镜像

运行下面的命令构建Docker镜像:

mvn package docker:build

构建完成后,运行下面的命令查看:

sudo docker images

结果为: 

REPOSITORY                   TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
springio/docker              latest              7e2ba2f7e81e        2 minutes ago       195 MB
frolvlad/alpine-oraclejdk8   slim                00d8610f052e        4 days ago          167 MB

可以看到我们构建的镜像已经出现了,下一步就是运行该镜像。

运行Docker镜像

执行下面的命令来运行上一步构建的Docker镜像:

sudo docker run -p 8080:8080 -t springio/docker

如果不出意外,你将看到下面的输出内容:

 .  ____     _      __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) )
 ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::    (v1.5.2.RELEASE)

2017-03-08 03:34:59.434 INFO 6 --- [      main] o.m.springboot.DockerApplication     : Starting DockerApplication v0.0.1-SNAPSHOT on 00eed53e6928 with PID 6 (/app.jar started by root in /)
2017-03-08 03:34:59.445 INFO 6 --- [      main] o.m.springboot.DockerApplication     : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default
2017-03-08 03:34:59.752 INFO 6 --- [      main] ationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext : Refreshing org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@4b9af9a9: startup date [Wed Mar 08 03:34:59 GMT 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-03-08 03:35:03.755 INFO 6 --- [      main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-03-08 03:35:03.807 INFO 6 --- [      main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService  : Starting service Tomcat
2017-03-08 03:35:03.821 INFO 6 --- [      main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine : Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.11
2017-03-08 03:35:04.042 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]    : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2017-03-08 03:35:04.043 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.web.context.ContextLoader      : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 4303 ms
2017-03-08 03:35:04.441 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean : Mapping servlet: 'dispatcherServlet' to [/]
2017-03-08 03:35:04.455 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'characterEncodingFilter' to: [/*]
2017-03-08 03:35:04.457 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'hiddenHttpMethodFilter' to: [/*]
2017-03-08 03:35:04.468 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'httpPutFormContentFilter' to: [/*]
2017-03-08 03:35:04.468 INFO 6 --- [ost-startStop-1] o.s.b.w.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean  : Mapping filter: 'requestContextFilter' to: [/*]
2017-03-08 03:35:05.110 INFO 6 --- [      main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter : Looking for @ControllerAdvice: org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@4b9af9a9: startup date [Wed Mar 08 03:34:59 GMT 2017]; root of context hierarchy
2017-03-08 03:35:05.390 INFO 6 --- [      main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/]}" onto public java.lang.String org.matrixstudio.springboot.DockerApplication.home()
2017-03-08 03:35:05.402 INFO 6 --- [      main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error],produces=[text/html]}" onto public org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.errorHtml(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest,javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse)
2017-03-08 03:35:05.404 INFO 6 --- [      main] s.w.s.m.m.a.RequestMappingHandlerMapping : Mapped "{[/error]}" onto public org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<java.util.Map<java.lang.String, java.lang.Object>> org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController.error(javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest)
2017-03-08 03:35:05.512 INFO 6 --- [      main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/webjars/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-03-08 03:35:05.512 INFO 6 --- [      main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-03-08 03:35:05.639 INFO 6 --- [      main] o.s.w.s.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping : Mapped URL path [/**/favicon.ico] onto handler of type [class org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceHttpRequestHandler]
2017-03-08 03:35:06.019 INFO 6 --- [      main] o.s.j.e.a.AnnotationMBeanExporter    : Registering beans for JMX exposure on startup
2017-03-08 03:35:06.168 INFO 6 --- [      main] s.b.c.e.t.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http)
2017-03-08 03:35:06.183 INFO 6 --- [      main] o.m.springboot.DockerApplication     : Started DockerApplication in 7.893 seconds (JVM running for 8.743)
2017-03-08 03:35:56.728 INFO 6 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]    : Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet'
2017-03-08 03:35:56.728 INFO 6 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet    : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization started
2017-03-08 03:35:56.774 INFO 6 --- [nio-8080-exec-1] o.s.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet    : FrameworkServlet 'dispatcherServlet': initialization completed in 43 ms

执行以下命令,查看正在运行的Docker容器:

sudo docker ps

可以看到已经有一个Docker容器在运行了:

 CONTAINER ID    IMAGE        COMMAND         CREATED       STATUS       PORTS          NAMES
00eed53e6928    springio/docker   "sh -c 'java $JAVA..."  About a minute ago  Up About a minute  0.0.0.0:8080->8080/tcp  fervent_leavitt

现在输入http://localhost:8080可以查看到“Hello Docker World”结果。

如果要停止容器,可以执行下面的命令:

sudo docker stop 00e

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