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spring boot怎样实现切割分片上传

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这篇文章主要介绍了spring boot如何实现切割分片上传,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

文件上传是web开发中经常会遇到的

springboot的默认配置为10MB,大于10M的是传不上服务器的,需要修改默认配置

但是如果修改支持大文件又会增加服务器的负担。

当文件大于一定程度时,不仅服务器会占用大量内存,而且http传输极可能会中断。

可以采用切割分片上传

html5提供的文件API中可以轻松的对文件进行分割切片,然后通过ajax异步处理向服务器传输数据,突破对大文件上传的限制,

同时异步处理在一定程度上也提高了文件上传的效率。

过程描述:

1.服务端

(1)添加依赖

<dependency>
   <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
   <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
   <version>1.3.3</version>
</dependency>

(2)UploadController

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.core.Result;
import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.CrossOrigin;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
@CrossOrigin
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/api/upload")
public class UploadController {
  @PostMapping("/part")
  @ResponseBody
  public Result bigFile(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String guid, Integer chunk, MultipartFile file, Integer chunks) {
    try {
      String projectUrl = System.getProperty("user.dir").replaceAll("\\\\", "/");
      ;
      boolean isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);
      if (isMultipart) {
        if (chunk == null) chunk = 0;
        // 临时目录用来存放所有分片文件
        String tempFileDir = projectUrl + "/upload/" + guid;
        File parentFileDir = new File(tempFileDir);
        if (!parentFileDir.exists()) {
          parentFileDir.mkdirs();
        }
        // 分片处理时,前台会多次调用上传接口,每次都会上传文件的一部分到后台
        File tempPartFile = new File(parentFileDir, guid + "_" + chunk + ".part");
        FileUtils.copyInputStreamToFile(file.getInputStream(), tempPartFile);
      }

    } catch (Exception e) {
      return Result.failMessage(400,e.getMessage());
    }
    return Result.successMessage(200,"上次成功");
  }

  @RequestMapping("merge")
  @ResponseBody
  public Result mergeFile(String guid, String fileName) {
    // 得到 destTempFile 就是最终的文件
    String projectUrl = System.getProperty("user.dir").replaceAll("\\\\", "/");
    try {
      String sname = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("."));
      //时间格式化格式
      Date currentTime = new Date();
      SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMMddHHmmssSSS");
      //获取当前时间并作为时间戳
      String timeStamp = simpleDateFormat.format(currentTime);
      //拼接新的文件名
      String newName = timeStamp + sname;
      simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyyMM");
      String path = projectUrl + "/upload/";
      String tmp = simpleDateFormat.format(currentTime);
      File parentFileDir = new File(path + guid);
      if (parentFileDir.isDirectory()) {
        File destTempFile = new File(path + tmp, newName);
        if (!destTempFile.exists()) {
          //先得到文件的上级目录,并创建上级目录,在创建文件
          destTempFile.getParentFile().mkdir();
          try {
            destTempFile.createNewFile();
          } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
          }
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < parentFileDir.listFiles().length; i++) {
          File partFile = new File(parentFileDir, guid + "_" + i + ".part");
          FileOutputStream destTempfos = new FileOutputStream(destTempFile, true);
          //遍历"所有分片文件"到"最终文件"中
          FileUtils.copyFile(partFile, destTempfos);
          destTempfos.close();
        }
        // 删除临时目录中的分片文件
        FileUtils.deleteDirectory(parentFileDir);
        return Result.successMessage(200,"合并成功");
      }else{
        return Result.failMessage(400,"没找到目录");
      }

    } catch (Exception e) {
      return Result.failMessage(400,e.getMessage());
    }

  }

}

说明:

注解 @CrossOrigin 解决跨域问题

(3)Result

package com.example.demo.core;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;

/**
 * Created by Beibei on 19/02/22
 * API响应结果
 */
public class Result<T> {
  private int code;
  private String message;
  private T data;

  public Result setCode(Integer code) {
    this.code = code;
    return this;
  }

  public int getCode() {
    return code;
  }

  public String getMessage() {
    return message;
  }

  public Result setMessage(String message) {
    this.message = message;
    return this;
  }

  public T getData() {
    return data;
  }

  public Result setData(T data) {
    this.data = data;
    return this;
  }

  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return JSON.toJSONString(this);
  }

  public static <T> Result<T> fail(Integer code,T data) {
    Result<T> ret = new Result<T>();
    ret.setCode(code);
    ret.setData(data);
    return ret;
  }

  public static <T> Result<T> failMessage(Integer code,String msg) {
    Result<T> ret = new Result<T>();
    ret.setCode(code);
    ret.setMessage(msg);
    return ret;
  }
  public static <T> Result<T> successMessage(Integer code,String msg) {
    Result<T> ret = new Result<T>();
    ret.setCode(code);
    ret.setMessage(msg);
    return ret;
  }

  public static <T> Result<T> success(Integer code,T data) {
    Result<T> ret = new Result<T>();
    ret.setCode(code);
    ret.setData(data);
    return ret;
  }

}

2.前端

(1)使用插件

webuploader,下载  https://github.com/fex-team/webuploader/releases

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
  <link href="css/webuploader.css" rel="external nofollow" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
  <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.10.1.min.js"></script>
  <script type="text/javascript" src="dist/webuploader.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
  <div id="uploader">
   <div class="btns">
     <div id="picker">选择文件</div>
     <button id="startBtn" class="btn btn-default">开始上传</button>
   </div>
  </div>
</body>
<script type="text/javascript">
var GUID = WebUploader.Base.guid();//一个GUID
var uploader = WebUploader.create({
  // swf文件路径
  swf: 'dist/Uploader.swf',
  // 文件接收服务端。
  server: 'http://localhost:8080/api/upload/part',
  formData:{
    guid : GUID
  },
  pick: '#picker',
  chunked : true, // 分片处理
  chunkSize : 1 * 1024 * 1024, // 每片1M,
  chunkRetry : false,// 如果失败,则不重试
  threads : 1,// 上传并发数。允许同时最大上传进程数。
  resize: false
});
$("#startBtn").click(function () {
  uploader.upload();
});
//当文件上传成功时触发。
uploader.on( "uploadSuccess", function( file ) {
  $.post('http://localhost:8080/api/upload/merge', { guid: GUID, fileName: file.name}, function (data) {
    if(data.code == 200){
     alert('上传成功!');
    }
   });
});
</script>
</html>

(2)不使用插件

直接用HTML5的File API

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
  <head>
    <script src="jquery-1.10.1.min.js" type="text/javascript">
    </script>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type"/>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div id="uploader">
      <div class="btns">
        <input id="file" name="file" type="file"/>
        <br>
          <br>
            <button id="startBtn">
              开始上传
            </button>
          </br>
        </br>
      </div>
      <div id="output">
      </div>
    </div>
  </body>
  <script type="text/javascript">
    var status = 0;
    var page = {
    init: function(){
      $("#startBtn").click($.proxy(this.upload, this));
    },
    upload: function(){
      status = 0;
      var GUID = this.guid();
      var file = $("#file")[0].files[0], //文件对象
        name = file.name,    //文件名
        size = file.size;    //总大小
      var shardSize = 20 * 1024 * 1024,  //以1MB为一个分片
        shardCount = Math.ceil(size / shardSize); //总片数
      for(var i = 0;i < shardCount;++i){
        //计算每一片的起始与结束位置
        var start = i * shardSize,
        end = Math.min(size, start + shardSize);
        var partFile = file.slice(start,end);
        this.partUpload(GUID,partFile,name,shardCount,i);
      }
    },
    partUpload:function(GUID,partFile,name,chunks,chunk){
      //构造一个表单,FormData是HTML5新增的
      var now = this;
      var form = new FormData();
      form.append("guid", GUID);
      form.append("file", partFile); //slice方法用于切出文件的一部分
      form.append("fileName", name);
      form.append("chunks", chunks); //总片数
      form.append("chunk", chunk);    //当前是第几片
        //Ajax提交
        $.ajax({
          url: "http://localhost:8080/api/upload/part",
          type: "POST",
          data: form,
          async: true,    //异步
          processData: false, //很重要,告诉jquery不要对form进行处理
          contentType: false, //很重要,指定为false才能形成正确的Content-Type
          success: function(data){
            status++;
            if(data.code == 200){
              $("#output").html(status+ " / " + chunks);
            }
            if(status==chunks){
              now.mergeFile(GUID,name);
            }
          }
        });
    },
    mergeFile:function(GUID,name){
      var formMerge = new FormData();
      formMerge.append("guid", GUID);
      formMerge.append("fileName", name);
      $.ajax({
        url: "http://localhost:8080/api/upload/merge",
        type: "POST",
        data: formMerge,
        processData: false, //很重要,告诉jquery不要对form进行处理
        contentType: false, //很重要,指定为false才能形成正确的Content-Type
        success: function(data){
          if(data.code == 200){
            alert('上传成功!');
          }
        }
      });
    },
    guid:function(prefix){
        var counter = 0;
        var guid = (+new Date()).toString( 32 ),
          i = 0;
        for ( ; i < 5; i++ ) {
          guid += Math.floor( Math.random() * 65535 ).toString( 32 );
        }
        return (prefix || 'wu_') + guid + (counter++).toString( 32 );
    }
  };

  $(function(){
    page.init();
  });
  </script>
</html>

3.优化 

springboot的默认配置为10MB,前端分片改为20M时,就会报错

org.apache.tomcat.util.http.fileupload.FileUploadBase$SizeLimitExceededException: the request was rejected because its size (10486839) exceeds the configured maximum (10485760)

解决方法:

在 src/main/resources 下的 application.properties里添加

spring.servlet.multipart.max-file-size=30MB
spring.servlet.multipart.max-request-size=35MB

说明:

设置的数值虽好比前端传过来的大,要不容易报错

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