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Nginx负载均衡/SSL配置的实现

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什么是负载均衡?

当一个域名指向多台web服务器时,添加一台nginx负载均衡服务器,通过nginx负载均衡即可将来自于客户端的请求均衡的发送给每台web服务器,避免单台服务器负载过高而其余服务器较为空闲的不均衡情况出现

配置nginx负载均衡:

在nginx机器上新建配置文件:

[root@centos02 ~]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/test.conf

添加如下内容:

upstream test
 {
  ip_hash; 
  server 192.168.0.10:80 weight=100; 
  server 192.168.0.20:80 weight=50;
 }
 server
 {
  listen 80;
  server_name www.test.com;
  location /
  {
   proxy_pass http://test;
   proxy_set_header Host $host;
   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  }
 }

验证nginx配置并重载:

[root@centos02 ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@centos02 ~]# nginx -s reload

接下来修改客户端hosts文件将测试的域名www.test.com指向到测试的nginx负载均衡机器的IP即可访问www.test.com网站。

负载均衡配置示例补充

1.根据请求的文件配置:

upstream aa {   
    server 192.168.0.10;
    server 192.168.0.20; 
  }
upstream bb { 
    server 192.168.0.100;
    server 192.168.0.101;
 }
 server {
  listen  80;
  server_name www.test.com;
  location ~ aa.php
  {
   proxy_pass http://aa/;
   proxy_set_header Host $host;
   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  }
  location ~ bb.php
  {
    proxy_pass http://bb/;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  }
  location /
  {
    proxy_pass http://bb/;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  }
}

请求aa.php的,会到aa组,请求bb.php的会到bb组,其他请求全部到bb组,必须要有location / {} ,否则不能正确匹配url

2.根据请求的目录配置:

upstream aa {   
    server 192.168.0.10;
    server 192.168.0.20; 
  }
upstream bb { 
    server 192.168.0.100;
    server 192.168.0.101;
 }
 server {
  listen  80;
  server_name www.test.com;
  location /dir1/
  {
   proxy_pass http://aa/dir1/;
   proxy_set_header Host $host;
   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
   proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  }
  location /dir2/
  {
    proxy_pass http://bb/dir2/;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  }
  location /
  {
    proxy_pass http://bb/;
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
  }
}

#当请求uri中匹配/dir1/,代理到aa/dir1/,匹配/dir2/或者其他时,代理到bb/dir2/

nginx配置SSL证书实现通过https协议访问网站:

SSL证书申请网站:

1.https://www.wosign.com/
2.https://freessl.cn/(免费)

#通过浏览器生成后,需要在服务器创建证书文件

创建证书文件:

[root@linux ~]# mkdir /etc/nginx/ssl
[root@linux ~]# cd !$
cd /etc/nginx/ssl
[root@linux ssl]# touch ca
[root@linux ssl]# touch test.crt
[root@linux ssl]# touch test.key

#将证书申请网站提供的对应证书的内容添加到ca/ .crt/ .key文件中即可

编辑nginx配置文件:

[root@linux ~]# vi /etc/nginx/conf.d/bbs.conf 

添加如下内容:

listen    443 ssl;
server_name test.bbs.com;
ssl on;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/test.crt;   #定义.crt文件路径
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/test.key;  #定义.key文件路径
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;

验证配置并重载nginx:

[root@linux ~]# nginx -t
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@linux ~]# nginx -s reload

#接下来访问网站地址栏即可显示HTTPS

curl验证方式:

curl -k -H "host:test.bbs.com" https://192.168.234.128/index.php

#host:域名,https:// webserver IP,输出结果为网站页面标签信息即表示成功

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