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Spring循环依赖 Spring循环依赖的解决办法,你真的懂了吗

Java识堂 人气:0

介绍

先说一下什么是循环依赖,循坏依赖即循环引用,两个或多个bean相互引用,最终形成一个环。Spring在初始化A的时候需要注入B,而初始化B的时候需要注入A,在Spring启动后这2个Bean都要被初始化完成

Spring的循环依赖有两种场景

构造器的循环依赖,可以在构造函数中使用@Lazy注解延迟加载。在注入依赖时,先注入代理对象,当首次使用时再创建对象完成注入

属性的循环依赖主要是通过3个map来解决的

构造器的循环依赖

@Component
public class ConstructorA {

 private ConstructorB constructorB;

 @Autowired
 public ConstructorA(ConstructorB constructorB) {
 this.constructorB = constructorB;
 }
}
@Component
public class ConstructorB {

 private ConstructorA constructorA;

 @Autowired
 public ConstructorB(ConstructorA constructorA) {
 this.constructorA = constructorA;
 }
}
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.javashitang.dependency.constructor")
public class ConstructorConfig {
}
public class ConstructorMain {

 public static void main(String[] args) {
 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =
 new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ConstructorConfig.class);
 System.out.println(context.getBean(ConstructorA.class));
 System.out.println(context.getBean(ConstructorB.class));
 }
}

运行ConstructorMain的main方法的时候会在第一行就报异常,说明Spring没办法初始化所有的Bean,即上面这种形式的循环依赖Spring无法解决。

我们可以在ConstructorA或者ConstructorB构造函数的参数上加上@Lazy注解就可以解决

@Autowired
public ConstructorB(@Lazy ConstructorA constructorA) {
	this.constructorA = constructorA;
}

因为我们主要关注属性的循环依赖,构造器的循环依赖就不做过多分析了

属性的循环依赖

先演示一下什么是属性的循环依赖

@Component
public class FieldA {

 @Autowired
 private FieldB fieldB;
}
@Component
public class FieldB {

 @Autowired
 private FieldA fieldA;
}
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.javashitang.dependency.field")
public class FieldConfig {
}
public class FieldMain {

 public static void main(String[] args) {
 AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context =
 new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(FieldConfig.class);
 // com.javashitang.dependency.field.FieldA@3aa9e816
 System.out.println(context.getBean(FieldA.class));
 // com.javashitang.dependency.field.FieldB@17d99928
 System.out.println(context.getBean(FieldB.class));
 }
}

Spring容器正常启动,能获取到FieldA和FieldB这2个Bean

属性的循环依赖在面试中还是经常被问到的。总体来说也不复杂,但是涉及到Spring Bean的初始化过程,所以感觉比较复杂,我写个demo演示一下整个过程

Spring的Bean的初始化过程其实比较复杂,为了方便理解Demo,我就把Spring Bean的初始化过程分为2部分

bean初始化过程完毕,则bean就能被正常创建出来了

下面开始写Demo,ObjectFactory接口用来生产Bean,和Spring中定义的接口一样

public interface ObjectFactory<T> {
 T getObject();
}

public class DependencyDemo {

 // 初始化完毕的Bean
 private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects =
 new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);

 // 正在初始化的Bean对应的工厂,此时对象已经被实例化
 private final Map<String, ObjectFactory<?>> singletonFactories =
 new HashMap<>(16);

 // 存放正在初始化的Bean,对象还没有被实例化之前就放进来了
 private final Set<String> singletonsCurrentlyInCreation =
 Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16));

 public <T> T getBean(Class<T> beanClass) throws Exception {
 // 类名为Bean的名字
 String beanName = beanClass.getSimpleName();
 // 已经初始化好了,或者正在初始化
 Object initObj = getSingleton(beanName, true);
 if (initObj != null) {
 return (T) initObj;
 }
 // bean正在被初始化
 singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.add(beanName);
 // 实例化bean
 Object object = beanClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
 singletonFactories.put(beanName, () -> {
 return object;
 });
 // 开始初始化bean,即填充属性
 Field[] fields = object.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
 for (Field field : fields) {
 field.setAccessible(true);
 // 获取需要注入字段的class
 Class<?> fieldClass = field.getType();
 field.set(object, getBean(fieldClass));
 }
 // 初始化完毕
 singletonObjects.put(beanName, object);
 singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.remove(beanName);
 return (T) object;
 }

 /**
 * allowEarlyReference参数的含义是Spring是否允许循环依赖,默认为true
 * 所以当allowEarlyReference设置为false的时候,当项目存在循环依赖,会启动失败
 */
 public Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
 Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
 if (singletonObject == null 
 && isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
 synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
 if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
  ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory =
  this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
  if (singletonFactory != null) {
  singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
  }
 }
 }
 }
 return singletonObject;
 }

 /**
 * 判断bean是否正在被初始化
 */
 public boolean isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(String beanName) {
 return this.singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.contains(beanName);
 }

}

测试一波

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
	DependencyDemo dependencyDemo = new DependencyDemo();
	// 假装扫描出来的对象
	Class[] classes = {A.class, B.class};
	// 假装项目初始化所有bean
	for (Class aClass : classes) {
		dependencyDemo.getBean(aClass);
	}
	// true
	System.out.println(
			dependencyDemo.getBean(B.class).getA() == dependencyDemo.getBean(A.class));
	// true
	System.out.println(
			dependencyDemo.getBean(A.class).getB() == dependencyDemo.getBean(B.class));
}

是不是很简单?我们只用了2个map就搞定了Spring的循环依赖

2个Map就能搞定循环依赖,那为什么Spring要用3个Map呢?

原因其实也很简单,当我们从singletonFactories中根据BeanName获取相应的ObjectFactory,然后调用getObject()这个方法返回对应的Bean。在我们的例子中
ObjectFactory的实现很简单哈,就是将实例化好的对象直接返回,但是在Spring中就没有这么简单了,执行过程比较复杂,为了避免每次拿到ObjectFactory然后调用getObject(),我们直接把ObjectFactory创建的对象缓存起来不就行了,这样就能提高效率了

比如A依赖B和C,B和C又依赖A,如果不做缓存那么初始化B和C都会调用A对应的ObjectFactory的getObject()方法。如果做缓存只需要B或者C调用一次即可。

知道了思路,我们把上面的代码改一波,加个缓存。

public class DependencyDemo {

	// 初始化完毕的Bean
	private final Map<String, Object> singletonObjects =
			new ConcurrentHashMap<>(256);

	// 正在初始化的Bean对应的工厂,此时对象已经被实例化
	private final Map<String, ObjectFactory<?>> singletonFactories =
			new HashMap<>(16);

	// 缓存Bean对应的工厂生产好的Bean
	private final Map<String, Object> earlySingletonObjects =
			new HashMap<>(16);

	// 存放正在初始化的Bean,对象还没有被实例化之前就放进来了
	private final Set<String> singletonsCurrentlyInCreation =
			Collections.newSetFromMap(new ConcurrentHashMap<>(16));

	public <T> T getBean(Class<T> beanClass) throws Exception {
		// 类名为Bean的名字
		String beanName = beanClass.getSimpleName();
		// 已经初始化好了,或者正在初始化
		Object initObj = getSingleton(beanName, true);
		if (initObj != null) {
			return (T) initObj;
		}
		// bean正在被初始化
		singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.add(beanName);
		// 实例化bean
		Object object = beanClass.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
		singletonFactories.put(beanName, () -> {
			return object;
		});
		// 开始初始化bean,即填充属性
		Field[] fields = object.getClass().getDeclaredFields();
		for (Field field : fields) {
			field.setAccessible(true);
			// 获取需要注入字段的class
			Class<?> fieldClass = field.getType();
			field.set(object, getBean(fieldClass));
		}
		singletonObjects.put(beanName, object);
		singletonsCurrentlyInCreation.remove(beanName);
		earlySingletonObjects.remove(beanName);
		return (T) object;
	}

	/**
	 * allowEarlyReference参数的含义是Spring是否允许循环依赖,默认为true
	 */
	public Object getSingleton(String beanName, boolean allowEarlyReference) {
		Object singletonObject = this.singletonObjects.get(beanName);
		if (singletonObject == null
				&& isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName)) {
			synchronized (this.singletonObjects) {
				singletonObject = this.earlySingletonObjects.get(beanName);
				if (singletonObject == null && allowEarlyReference) {
					ObjectFactory<?> singletonFactory =
							this.singletonFactories.get(beanName);
					if (singletonFactory != null) {
						singletonObject = singletonFactory.getObject();
						this.earlySingletonObjects.put(beanName, singletonObject);
						this.singletonFactories.remove(beanName);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		return singletonObject;
	}
}

我们写的getSingleton的实现和org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry#getSingleton(java.lang.String, boolean)的实现一模一样,这个方法几乎所有分析Spring循环依赖的文章都会提到,这次你明白工作原理是什么了把

总结一波

参考博客

[1]https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/gBr3UfC1HRcw4U-ZMmtRaQ
[2]https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/5mwkgJB7GyLdKDgzijyvXw
比较详细
[1]https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/84267654
[2]https://juejin.im/post/5c98a7b4f265da60ee12e9b2

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