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PySpark环境配置 windowns使用PySpark环境配置和基本操作

Nick_Spider 人气:0
想了解windowns使用PySpark环境配置和基本操作的相关内容吗,Nick_Spider在本文为您仔细讲解PySpark环境配置 的相关知识和一些Code实例,欢迎阅读和指正,我们先划重点:PySpark环境配置,PySpark基本操作,下面大家一起来学习吧。

下载依赖

首先需要下载hadoop和spark,解压,然后设置环境变量。
hadoop清华源下载
spark清华源下载

HADOOP_HOME => /path/hadoop
SPARK_HOME => /path/spark

安装pyspark。

pip install pyspark

基本使用

可以在shell终端,输入pyspark,有如下回显:

输入以下指令进行测试,并创建SparkContext,SparkContext是任何spark功能的入口点。

>>> from pyspark import SparkContext
>>> sc = SparkContext("local", "First App")

如果以上不会报错,恭喜可以开始使用pyspark编写代码了。
不过,我这里使用IDE来编写代码,首先我们先在终端执行以下代码关闭SparkContext。

>>> sc.stop()

下面使用pycharm编写代码,如果修改了环境变量需要先重启pycharm。
在pycharm运行如下程序,程序会起本地模式的spark计算引擎,通过spark统计abc.txt文件中a和b出现行的数量,文件路径需要自己指定。

from pyspark import SparkContext

sc = SparkContext("local", "First App")
logFile = "abc.txt"
logData = sc.textFile(logFile).cache()
numAs = logData.filter(lambda s: 'a' in s).count()
numBs = logData.filter(lambda s: 'b' in s).count()
print("Line with a:%i,line with b:%i" % (numAs, numBs))

运行结果如下:

20/03/11 16:15:57 WARN NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Using Spark's default log4j profile: org/apache/spark/log4j-defaults.properties
Setting default log level to "WARN".
To adjust logging level use sc.setLogLevel(newLevel). For SparkR, use setLogLevel(newLevel).
20/03/11 16:15:58 WARN Utils: Service 'SparkUI' could not bind on port 4040. Attempting port 4041.
Line with a:3,line with b:1

这里说一下,同样的工作使用python可以做,spark也可以做,使用spark主要是为了高效的进行分布式计算。
戳pyspark教程
戳spark教程

RDD

RDD代表Resilient Distributed Dataset,它们是在多个节点上运行和操作以在集群上进行并行处理的元素,RDD是spark计算的操作对象。
一般,我们先使用数据创建RDD,然后对RDD进行操作。
对RDD操作有两种方法:
Transformation(转换) - 这些操作应用于RDD以创建新的RDD。例如filter,groupBy和map。
Action(操作) - 这些是应用于RDD的操作,它指示Spark执行计算并将结果发送回驱动程序,例如count,collect等。

创建RDD

parallelize是从列表创建RDD,先看一个例子:

from pyspark import SparkContext


sc = SparkContext("local", "count app")
words = sc.parallelize(
    ["scala",
     "java",
     "hadoop",
     "spark",
     "akka",
     "spark vs hadoop",
     "pyspark",
     "pyspark and spark"
     ])
print(words)

结果中我们得到一个对象,就是我们列表数据的RDD对象,spark之后可以对他进行操作。

ParallelCollectionRDD[0] at parallelize at PythonRDD.scala:195

Count

count方法返回RDD中的元素个数。

from pyspark import SparkContext


sc = SparkContext("local", "count app")
words = sc.parallelize(
    ["scala",
     "java",
     "hadoop",
     "spark",
     "akka",
     "spark vs hadoop",
     "pyspark",
     "pyspark and spark"
     ])
print(words)

counts = words.count()
print("Number of elements in RDD -> %i" % counts)

返回结果:

Number of elements in RDD -> 8

Collect

collect返回RDD中的所有元素。

from pyspark import SparkContext


sc = SparkContext("local", "collect app")
words = sc.parallelize(
    ["scala",
     "java",
     "hadoop",
     "spark",
     "akka",
     "spark vs hadoop",
     "pyspark",
     "pyspark and spark"
     ])
coll = words.collect()
print("Elements in RDD -> %s" % coll)

返回结果:

Elements in RDD -> ['scala', 'java', 'hadoop', 'spark', 'akka', 'spark vs hadoop', 'pyspark', 'pyspark and spark']

foreach

每个元素会使用foreach内的函数进行处理,但是不会返回任何对象。
下面的程序中,我们定义的一个累加器accumulator,用于储存在foreach执行过程中的值。

from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "ForEach app")

accum = sc.accumulator(0)
data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
rdd = sc.parallelize(data)


def increment_counter(x):
    print(x)
    accum.add(x)
 return 0

s = rdd.foreach(increment_counter)
print(s)  # None
print("Counter value: ", accum)

返回结果:

None
Counter value:  15

filter

返回一个包含元素的新RDD,满足过滤器的条件。

from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "Filter app")
words = sc.parallelize(
    ["scala",
     "java",
     "hadoop",
     "spark",
     "akka",
     "spark vs hadoop",
     "pyspark",
     "pyspark and spark"]
)
words_filter = words.filter(lambda x: 'spark' in x)
filtered = words_filter.collect()
print("Fitered RDD -> %s" % (filtered))

 

Fitered RDD -> ['spark', 'spark vs hadoop', 'pyspark', 'pyspark and spark']

也可以改写成这样:

from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "Filter app")
words = sc.parallelize(
    ["scala",
     "java",
     "hadoop",
     "spark",
     "akka",
     "spark vs hadoop",
     "pyspark",
     "pyspark and spark"]
)


def g(x):
    for i in x:
        if "spark" in x:
            return i

words_filter = words.filter(g)
filtered = words_filter.collect()
print("Fitered RDD -> %s" % (filtered))

map

将函数应用于RDD中的每个元素并返回新的RDD。

from pyspark import SparkContext
sc = SparkContext("local", "Map app")
words = sc.parallelize(
    ["scala",
     "java",
     "hadoop",
     "spark",
     "akka",
     "spark vs hadoop",
     "pyspark",
     "pyspark and spark"]
)
words_map = words.map(lambda x: (x, 1, "_{}".format(x)))
mapping = words_map.collect()
print("Key value pair -> %s" % (mapping))

返回结果:

Key value pair -> [('scala', 1, '_scala'), ('java', 1, '_java'), ('hadoop', 1, '_hadoop'), ('spark', 1, '_spark'), ('akka', 1, '_akka'), ('spark vs hadoop', 1, '_spark vs hadoop'), ('pyspark', 1, '_pyspark'), ('pyspark and spark', 1, '_pyspark and spark')]

Reduce

执行指定的可交换和关联二元操作后,然后返回RDD中的元素。

from pyspark import SparkContext
from operator import add


sc = SparkContext("local", "Reduce app")
nums = sc.parallelize([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
adding = nums.reduce(add)
print("Adding all the elements -> %i" % (adding))

 这里的add是python内置的函数,可以使用ide查看:

def add(a, b):
    "Same as a + b."
    return a + b

reduce会依次对元素相加,相加后的结果加上其他元素,最后返回结果(RDD中的元素)。

Adding all the elements -> 15

Join

返回RDD,包含两者同时匹配的键,键包含对应的所有元素。

from pyspark import SparkContext


sc = SparkContext("local", "Join app")
x = sc.parallelize([("spark", 1), ("hadoop", 4), ("python", 4)])
y = sc.parallelize([("spark", 2), ("hadoop", 5)])
print("x =>", x.collect())
print("y =>", y.collect())
joined = x.join(y)
final = joined.collect()
print( "Join RDD -> %s" % (final))

返回结果:

x => [('spark', 1), ('hadoop', 4), ('python', 4)]
y => [('spark', 2), ('hadoop', 5)]
Join RDD -> [('hadoop', (4, 5)), ('spark', (1, 2))]

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