接口自动化框架(Pytest+request+Allure)
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前言：
接口自动化是指模拟程序接口层面的自动化，由于接口不易变更，维护成本更小，所以深受各大公司的喜爱。
接口自动化包含2个部分，功能性的接口自动化测试和并发接口自动化测试。
本次文章着重介绍第一种，功能性的接口自动化框架。
一、简单介绍
环境：Mac、Python 3，Pytest，Allure，Request
pytest==3.6.0pytest-allure-adaptor==1.7.10(弃用)pytest-rerunfailures==5.0configparser==3.5.0PyYAML==3.12requests==2.18.4simplejson==3.16.0----------------------------------------2020-4-30更新pytest==5.3.1allure-pytest==2.8.6allure-python-commons==2.8.6⚠️注：pytest-allure-adaptor已弃用，改为allure-pytest；安装allure-pytest时，需将pytest-allure-adaptor卸载流程：读取Yaml测试数据-生成测试用例-执行测试用例-生成Allure报告
模块类的设计说明:
Request.py封装request方法，可以支持多协议扩展（get\post\put）
Config.py读取配置文件，包括：不同环境的配置，email相关配置
Log.py封装记录log方法，分为：debug、info、warning、error、critical
Email.py封装smtplib方法，运行结果发送邮件通知
Assert.py封装assert方法
run.py核心代码。定义并执行用例集，生成报告
Yaml测试数据格式如下：
---Basic: dec: "基础设置" parameters: - url: /settings/basic.json data: slug=da1677475c27 header: { "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_13_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko)\ Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36", "Content-Type": "keep-alive" }二、代码结构与框架流程
1、代码结构见下图：
代码结构.jpg
2、框架流程见下图：
框架流程.jpg
三、详细功能和使用说明
1、定义配置文件config.ini
该文件中区分测试环境[private_debug]和正式环境[online_release]分别定义相关配置项，[mail]部分为邮件相关配置项
# http接口测试框架配置信息[private_debug]# debug测试服务tester = your nameenvironment = debugversionCode = your versionhost = www.jianshu.comloginHost = /LoginloginInfo = email=wang@user.com&password=123456[online_release]# release正式服务tester = your nameenvironment = releaseversionCode = v1.0host = www.jianshu.comloginHost = /LoginloginInfo = email=wang@user.com&password=123456[mail]#发送邮件信息smtpserver = smtp.163.comsender = test1@163.comreceiver = wang@user.comusername = wang@user.compassword = 1234562、读取yaml测试数据后封装
yaml测试数据例子见第一节，一条接口可定义多条case数据，get_parameter为已封装好的读取yaml数据方法，循环读取后将多条case数据存在list中。
class Basic: params = get_parameter('Basic') url = [] data = [] header = [] for i in range(0, len(params)): url.append(params[i]['url']) data.append(params[i]['data']) header.append(params[i]['header'])3、编写用例
class TestBasic: @allure.feature('Home') @allure.severity('blocker') @allure.story('Basic') def test_basic_01(self, action): """ 用例描述：未登陆状态下查看基础设置 """ conf = Config() data = Basic() test = Assert.Assertions() request = Request.Request(action) host = conf.host_debug req_url = 'http://' + host urls = data.url params = data.data headers = data.header api_url = req_url + urls[0] response = request.get_request(api_url, params[0], headers[0]) assert test.assert_code(response['code'], 401) assert test.assert_body(response['body'], 'error', u'继续操作前请注册或者登录.') assert test.assert_time(response['time_consuming'], 400) Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('True')4、运行整个框架run.py
if __name__ == '__main__': # 定义测试集 args = ['-s', '-q', '--alluredir', xml_report_path] self_args = sys.argv[1:] pytest.main(args) cmd = 'allure generate %s -o %s' % (xml_report_path, html_report_path) try: shell.invoke(cmd) except: log.error('执行用例失败，请检查环境配置') raise try: mail = Email.SendMail() mail.sendMail() except: log.error('发送邮件失败，请检查邮件配置') raise5、err.log实例
[ERROR 2018-08-24 09:55:37]Response body != expected_msg, expected_msg is {"error":"继续操作前请注册或者登录9."}, body is {"error":"继续操作前请注册或者登录."}[ERROR 2018-08-24 10:00:11]Response time > expected_time, expected_time is 400, time is 482.745[ERROR 2018-08-25 21:49:41]statusCode error, expected_code is 208, statusCode is 200 6、Assert部分代码
def assert_body(self, body, body_msg, expected_msg): """ 验证response body中任意属性的值 :param body: :param body_msg: :param expected_msg: :return: """ try: msg = body[body_msg] assert msg == expected_msg return True except: self.log.error("Response body msg != expected_msg, expected_msg is %s, body_msg is %s" % (expected_msg, body_msg)) Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('fail') raise def assert_in_text(self, body, expected_msg): """ 验证response body中是否包含预期字符串 :param body: :param expected_msg: :return: """ try: text = json.dumps(body, ensure_ascii=False) # print(text) assert expected_msg in text return True except: self.log.error("Response body Does not contain expected_msg, expected_msg is %s" % expected_msg) Consts.RESULT_LIST.append('fail') raise7、Request部分代码
def post_request(self, url, data, header): """ Post请求 :param url: :param data: :param header: :return: """ if not url.startswith('http://'): url = '%s%s' % ('http://', url) print(url) try: if data is None: response = self.get_session.post(url=url, headers=header) else: response = self.get_session.post(url=url, params=data, headers=header) except requests.RequestException as e: print('%s%s' % ('RequestException url: ', url)) print(e) return () except Exception as e: print('%s%s' % ('Exception url: ', url)) print(e) return () # time_consuming为响应时间，单位为毫秒 time_consuming = response.elapsed.microseconds/1000 # time_total为响应时间，单位为秒 time_total = response.elapsed.total_seconds() Common.Consts.STRESS_LIST.append(time_consuming) response_dicts = dict() response_dicts['code'] = response.status_code try: response_dicts['body'] = response.json() except Exception as e: print(e) response_dicts['body'] = '' response_dicts['text'] = response.text response_dicts['time_consuming'] = time_consuming response_dicts['time_total'] = time_total return response_dicts四、Allure报告及Email
1、Allure报告总览，见下图：
Allure报告.jpg
2、Email见下图：
Email.jpg
五、后续优化
1、集成Jenkins，使用Jenkins插件生成Allure报告
2、多线程并发接口自动化测试
3、接口加密，参数加密
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