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hibernate-validator校验

胡峻峥 人气:2

一、前言

高效、合理的使用hibernate-validator校验框架可以提高程序的可读性,以及减少不必要的代码逻辑。接下来会介绍一下常用一些使用方式。

二、常用注解说明

限制说明
@Null限制只能为null
@NotNull限制必须不为null
@AssertFalse限制必须为false
@AssertTrue限制必须为true
@DecimalMax(value)限制必须为一个不大于指定值的数字
@DecimalMin(value)限制必须为一个不小于指定值的数字
@Digits(integer,fraction)限制必须为一个小数,且整数部分的位数不能超过integer,小数部分的位数不能超过fraction
@Future限制必须是一个将来的日期
@Max(value)限制必须为一个不大于指定值的数字
@Min(value)限制必须为一个不小于指定值的数字
@Past限制必须是一个过去的日期
@Pattern(value)限制必须符合指定的正则表达式
@Size(max,min)限制字符长度必须在min到max之间
@Past验证注解的元素值(日期类型)比当前时间早
@NotEmpty验证注解的元素值不为null且不为空(字符串长度不为0、集合大小不为0)
@NotBlank验证注解的元素值不为空(不为null、去除首位空格后长度为0),不同于@NotEmpty,@NotBlank只应用于字符串且在比较时会去除字符串的空格
@Email验证注解的元素值是Email,也可以通过正则表达式和flag指定自定义的email格式

三、定义校验分组

public class ValidateGroup {
    public interface FirstGroup {
    }

    public interface SecondeGroup {
    }

    public interface ThirdGroup {
    }
}

四、定义校验Bean

@Validated
@GroupSequence({ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class, BaseMessageRequestBean.class})
public class BaseMessageRequestBean {

    //渠道类型
    @NotNull(message = "channelType为NULL", groups = ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class)
    private String channelType;

    //消息(模板消息或者普通消息)
    @NotNull(message = "data为NUll", groups = ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class)
    @Valid
    private Object data;

    //业务类型
    @NotNull(message = "bizType为NULL", groups = ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class)
    private String bizType;

    //消息推送对象
    @NotBlank(message = "toUser为BLANK", groups = ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class)
    private String toUser;

    private long createTime = Instant.now().getEpochSecond();

    ......
}

请自行参考:@Validated和@Valid区别

五、validator基本使用

@RestController
public class TestValidatorController {
    @RequestMapping("/test/validator")
    public void test(@Validated BaseMessageRequestBean bean){
        ...
    }
}

  这种使用方式有一个弊端,不能自定义返回异常。spring如果验证失败,则直接抛出异常,一般不可控。

六、借助BindingResult

@RestController
public class TestValidatorController {
    @RequestMapping("/test/validator")
    public void test(@Validated BaseMessageRequestBean bean, BindingResult result){
        result.getAllErrors();
        ...
    }
}

  如果方法中有BindingResult类型的参数,spring校验完成之后会将校验结果传给这个参数。通过BindingResult控制程序抛出自定义类型的异常或者返回不同结果。

七、全局拦截校验器

  当然了,需要在借助BindingResult的前提下...

@Aspect
@Component
public class ControllerValidatorAspect {
    @Around("execution(* com.*.controller..*.*(..)) && args(..,result)")
    public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp, result result) {
        result.getFieldErrors();
        ...
    }
}

  这种方式可以减少controller层校验的代码,校验逻辑统一处理,更高效。

八、借助ValidatorUtils工具类

@Bean
public Validator validator() {
    return new LocalValidatorFactoryBean();
}

LocalValidatorFactoryBean官方示意

  LocalValidatorFactoryBean是Spring应用程序上下文中javax.validation(JSR-303)设置的中心类:它引导javax.validation.ValidationFactory并通过Spring Validator接口以及JSR-303 Validator接口和ValidatorFactory公开它。界面本身。通过Spring或JSR-303 Validator接口与该bean的实例进行通信时,您将与底层ValidatorFactory的默认Validator进行通信。这非常方便,因为您不必在工厂执行另一个调用,假设您几乎总是会使用默认的Validator。这也可以直接注入Validator类型的任何目标依赖项!从Spring 5.0开始,这个类需要Bean Validation 1.1+,特别支持Hibernate Validator 5.x(参见setValidationMessageSource(org.springframework.context.MessageSource))。这个类也与Bean Validation 2.0和Hibernate Validator 6.0运行时兼容,有一个特别说明:如果你想调用BV 2.0的getClockProvider()方法,通过#unwrap(ValidatorFactory.class)获取本机ValidatorFactory,在那里调用返回的本机引用上的getClockProvider()方法。Spring的MVC配置命名空间也使用此类,如果存在javax.validation API但未配置显式Validator。

public class ValidatorUtils implements ApplicationContextAware {

    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        ValidatorUtils.validator = (Validator) applicationContext.getBean("validator");
    }

    private static Validator validator;

    public static Optional<String> validateResultProcess(Object obj)  {
        Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> results = validator.validate(obj);
        if (CollectionUtils.isEmpty(results)) {
            return Optional.empty();
        }
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

        for (Iterator<ConstraintViolation<Object>> iterator = results.iterator(); iterator.hasNext(); ) {
            sb.append(iterator.next().getMessage());
            if (iterator.hasNext()) {
                sb.append(" ,");
            }
        }
        return Optional.of(sb.toString());
    }
}

  为什么要使用这个工具类呢?

  1、controller方法中不用加入BindingResult参数

  2、controller方法中需要校验的参数也不需要加入@Valid或者@Validated注解

  怎么样是不是又省去了好多代码,开不开心。

  具体使用,在controller方法或者全局拦截校验器中调用ValidatorUtils.validateResultProcess(需要校验的Bean) 直接获取校验的结果。

  请参考更多功能的ValidatorUtils工具类

九、自定义校验器

  定义一个MessageRequestBean,继承BaseMessageRequestBean,signature字段需要我们自定义校验逻辑。

@Validated
@GroupSequence({ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class, ValidateGroup.SecondeGroup.class, MessageRequestBean.class})
@LogicValidate(groups = ValidateGroup.SecondeGroup.class)
public class MessageRequestBean extends BaseMessageRequestBean {

    //签名信息(除该字段外的其他字段按照字典序排序,将值顺序拼接在一起,进行md5+Base64签名算法)
    @NotBlank(message = "signature为BLANK", groups = ValidateGroup.FirstGroup.class)
    private String signature;
    ...
}

  实现自定义校验逻辑也很简单......

  1、自定义一个带有 @Constraint注解的注解@LogicValidate,validatedBy 属性指向该注解对应的自定义校验器

@Target({TYPE})
@Retention(RUNTIME)
//指定验证器  
@Constraint(validatedBy = LogicValidator.class)
@Documented
public @interface LogicValidate {
    String message() default "校验异常";
    //分组
    Class<?>[] groups() default {};
    Class<? extends Payload>[] payload() default {};
}

  2、自定义校验器LogicValidator,泛型要关联上自定义的注解和需要校验bean的类型

public class LogicValidator implements ConstraintValidator<LogicValidate, MessageRequestBean> {

    @Override
    public void initialize(LogicValidate logicValidate) {
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isValid(MessageRequestBean messageRequestBean, ConstraintValidatorContext context) {
        String toSignature = StringUtils.join( messageRequestBean.getBizType()
                , messageRequestBean.getChannelType()
                , messageRequestBean.getData()
                , messageRequestBean.getToUser());
        String signature = new Base64().encodeAsString(DigestUtils.md5(toSignature));
        if (!messageRequestBean.getSignature().equals(signature)) {
            context.disableDefaultConstraintViolation();
            context.buildConstraintViolationWithTemplate("signature校验失败")
                    .addConstraintViolation();
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

  可以通过ConstraintValidatorContext禁用掉默认的校验配置,然后自定义校验配置,比如校验失败后返回的信息。

十、springboot国际化信息配置

@Configuration
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = MessageSource.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
@AutoConfigureOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE)
@Conditional(ResourceBundleCondition.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.messages")
public class MessageSourceAutoConfiguration {

    private static final Resource[] NO_RESOURCES = {};

    /**
     * Comma-separated list of basenames, each following the ResourceBundle convention.
     * Essentially a fully-qualified classpath location. If it doesn't contain a package
     * qualifier (such as "org.mypackage"), it will be resolved from the classpath root.
     */
    private String basename = "messages";

    /**
     * Message bundles encoding.
     */
    private Charset encoding = Charset.forName("UTF-8");

    /**
     * Loaded resource bundle files cache expiration, in seconds. When set to -1, bundles
     * are cached forever.
     */
    private int cacheSeconds = -1;

    /**
     * Set whether to fall back to the system Locale if no files for a specific Locale
     * have been found. if this is turned off, the only fallback will be the default file
     * (e.g. "messages.properties" for basename "messages").
     */
    private boolean fallbackToSystemLocale = true;

    /**
     * Set whether to always apply the MessageFormat rules, parsing even messages without
     * arguments.
     */
    private boolean alwaysUseMessageFormat = false;

    @Bean
    public MessageSource messageSource() {
        ResourceBundleMessageSource messageSource = new ResourceBundleMessageSource();
        if (StringUtils.hasText(this.basename)) {
            messageSource.setBasenames(StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
                    StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(this.basename)));
        }
        if (this.encoding != null) {
            messageSource.setDefaultEncoding(this.encoding.name());
        }
        messageSource.setFallbackToSystemLocale(this.fallbackToSystemLocale);
        messageSource.setCacheSeconds(this.cacheSeconds);
        messageSource.setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(this.alwaysUseMessageFormat);
        return messageSource;
    }

    public String getBasename() {
        return this.basename;
    }

    public void setBasename(String basename) {
        this.basename = basename;
    }

    public Charset getEncoding() {
        return this.encoding;
    }

    public void setEncoding(Charset encoding) {
        this.encoding = encoding;
    }

    public int getCacheSeconds() {
        return this.cacheSeconds;
    }

    public void setCacheSeconds(int cacheSeconds) {
        this.cacheSeconds = cacheSeconds;
    }

    public boolean isFallbackToSystemLocale() {
        return this.fallbackToSystemLocale;
    }

    public void setFallbackToSystemLocale(boolean fallbackToSystemLocale) {
        this.fallbackToSystemLocale = fallbackToSystemLocale;
    }

    public boolean isAlwaysUseMessageFormat() {
        return this.alwaysUseMessageFormat;
    }

    public void setAlwaysUseMessageFormat(boolean alwaysUseMessageFormat) {
        this.alwaysUseMessageFormat = alwaysUseMessageFormat;
    }

    protected static class ResourceBundleCondition extends SpringBootCondition {

        private static ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<String, ConditionOutcome> cache = new ConcurrentReferenceHashMap<String, ConditionOutcome>();

        @Override
        public ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcome(ConditionContext context,
                AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata) {
            String basename = context.getEnvironment()
                    .getProperty("spring.messages.basename", "messages");
            ConditionOutcome outcome = cache.get(basename);
            if (outcome == null) {
                outcome = getMatchOutcomeForBasename(context, basename);
                cache.put(basename, outcome);
            }
            return outcome;
        }

        private ConditionOutcome getMatchOutcomeForBasename(ConditionContext context,
                String basename) {
            ConditionMessage.Builder message = ConditionMessage
                    .forCondition("ResourceBundle");
            for (String name : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray(
                    StringUtils.trimAllWhitespace(basename))) {
                for (Resource resource : getResources(context.getClassLoader(), name)) {
                    if (resource.exists()) {
                        return ConditionOutcome
                                .match(message.found("bundle").items(resource));
                    }
                }
            }
            return ConditionOutcome.noMatch(
                    message.didNotFind("bundle with basename " + basename).atAll());
        }

        private Resource[] getResources(ClassLoader classLoader, String name) {
            try {
                return new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver(classLoader)
                        .getResources("classpath*:" + name + ".properties");
            }
            catch (Exception ex) {
                return NO_RESOURCES;
            }
        }

    }

}

  从上面的MessageSource自动配置可以看出,可以通过spring.message.basename指定要配置国际化文件位置,默认值是“message”。spring boot默认就支持国际化的,默认会去resouces目录下寻找message.properties文件。

  这里就不进行过多关于国际化相关信息的介绍了,肯定少不了区域解析器。springboot国际化相关知识请参考:Spring Boot国际化(i18n)

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