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Python 发送邮件

wx5ad774e6965c3 人气:0

前言:

Python内置对SMTP的支持,可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。

Python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块,email负责构造邮件,smtplib负责发送邮件。

一、发送纯文本内容

代码如下:

# 引入相应的模块
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class SendMail(object):
   def __init__(self):
       self.fromUser = "xxxxxx@qq.com" 
       self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx"      # 此处是qq邮箱授权码, 不是登录密码
       self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"
   # 构造邮件结构
   # toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["xxx@qq.com","xxx@qq.com"], subject 邮件的主题, msg 邮件的内容
   def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
       # 邮件对象:
       mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
       mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
       mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
       mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
       # 邮件正文是MIMEText :
       mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))
       return mailMsg.as_string()

   # 发送邮件
   def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
       mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
       # 连接服务器发送邮件
       try:
           server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
           server.connect(self.smtpAddr)  # 连接smtp服务器
           server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd)  # 登录邮箱
           server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string)  # 发送邮件
           server.quit()
       except Exception:
           print("Error: unable to send email")
a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["381347268@qq.com", "44934875@qq.com"], "测试主题", "测试内容")

效果图:

二、发送附件图片

代码如下:

如果Email中要加上附件怎么办?带附件的邮件可以看做包含若干部分的邮件:文本和各个附件本身,所以,可以构造一个MIMEMultipart对象代表邮件本身,然后往里面加上一个MIMEText作为邮件正文,再继续往里面加上表示附件的MIMEBase对象即可:

其实就是打开图片并引入(加上这段内容)

with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f:
# 设置附件的MIME和文件名,这里是png类型:
mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png")
# 加上必要的头信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的内容读进来:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64编码:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
mailMsg.attach(mime)

发送附件图片 (完整代码如下:)

# 引入相应的模块
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class SendMail(object):
def __init__(self):
self.fromUser = "xxxxxx@qq.com"
self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此处是qq邮箱授权码, 不是登录密码
self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"

# 构造邮件结构
# toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["xxx@qq.com","xxx@qq.com"], subject 邮件的主题, msg 邮件的内容
def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
# 邮件对象:
mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
# 邮件正文是MIMEText :
mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))

# 发送图片附件, 需要用到附件对象MIMEBase对象, 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
# 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase,从本地读取一个图片:
with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f:
# 设置附件的MIME和文件名,这里是png类型:
mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png")
# 加上必要的头信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的内容读进来:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64编码:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
mailMsg.attach(mime)
return mailMsg.as_string()
# 发送邮件
def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
# 连接服务器发送邮件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 连接smtp服务器
server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登录邮箱
server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 发送邮件
server.quit()
except Exception:
print("Error: unable to send email")
a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["381347268@qq.com", "44934875@qq.com"], "测试主题", "测试内容")

效果图:

如果要把一个图片嵌入到邮件正文中怎么做?直接在HTML邮件中链接图片地址行不行?答案是,大部分邮件服务商都会自动屏蔽带有外链的图片,因为不知道这些链接是否指向恶意网站。

要把图片嵌入到邮件正文中,我们只需按照发送附件的方式,先把邮件作为附件添加进去,然后,在HTML中通过引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作为图片嵌入了。如果有多个图片,给它们依次编号,然后引用不同的cid:x即可。

其实就是将MIMEText 格式改变一下:

mailMsg.attach(MIMEText('<html><body><h1>%s</h1>' % (msg) + '<p><img src="cid:0"></p>' + '</body></html>', 'html','utf-8'))

将附件图片包含在邮件内容中(完整代码如下:)

# 引入相应的模块
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class SendMail(object):
def __init__(self):
self.fromUser = "xxxxxx@qq.com"
self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此处是qq邮箱授权码, 不是登录密码
self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"

# 构造邮件结构
# toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["xxx@qq.com","xxx@qq.com"], subject 邮件的主题, msg 邮件的内容
def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
# 邮件对象:
mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
# 邮件正文是MIMEText :
# 加载图片并引入到邮件内容中来
mailMsg.attach(MIMEText('<html><body><h1>%s</h1>' % (msg) + '<p><img src="cid:0"></p>' + '</body></html>', 'html','utf-8'))
# 发送图片附件, 需要用到附件对象MIMEBase对象, 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
# 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase,从本地读取一个图片:
with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f:
# 设置附件的MIME和文件名,这里是png类型:
mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png")
# 加上必要的头信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的内容读进来:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64编码:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
mailMsg.attach(mime)
return mailMsg.as_string()

# 发送邮件
def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
# 连接服务器发送邮件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 连接smtp服务器
server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登录邮箱
server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 发送邮件
server.quit()
except Exception:
print("Error: unable to send email")
a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["381347268@qq.com", "44934875@qq.com"], "测试主题", "测试内容")

效果图:

三、发送纯文本附件

代码如下:

# 引入相应的模块
import smtplib
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
from email import encoders
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class SendMail(object):
def __init__(self):
self.fromUser = "xxxxxx@qq.com"
self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此处是qq邮箱授权码, 不是登录密码
self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com"
# 构造邮件结构
# toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["xxx@qq.com","xxx@qq.com"], subject 邮件的主题, msg 邮件的内容
def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
# 邮件对象:
mailMsg = MIMEMultipart()
mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject)
mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser)
mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs)
# 邮件正文是MIMEText :
mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8'))
# 发送文件附件, 需要用到附件对象MIMEBase对象, 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase
# 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase,从本地读取一个文件:
with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\aaa.txt", "rb") as f:
# 设置附件的MIME和文件名,这里是png类型:
mime = MIMEBase("txta", "txt", filename="test.txt")
# 加上必要的头信息:
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.txt')
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>')
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0')
# 把附件的内容读进来:
mime.set_payload(f.read())
# 用Base64编码:
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
# 添加到MIMEMultipart:
mailMsg.attach(mime)
return mailMsg.as_string()
# 发送邮件
def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg):
mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg)
# 连接服务器发送邮件
try:
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465)
server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 连接smtp服务器
server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登录邮箱
server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 发送邮件
server.quit()
except Exception:
print("Error: unable to send email")
a = SendMail()
a.sendMail(["381347268@qq.com", "44934875@qq.com"], "测试主题", "测试内容")

效果图:

四、发送excel表格附件

代码如下:

#! /usr/bin/env python
# _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_
import smtplib, time
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
class EmailSender(object):
def __init__(self):
self.sender_user = 'ryb.monitor@yottacloud.cn' #发件人邮箱地址
self.sender_password = 'xxxxxxxxxx' #发件人邮箱密码
self.smtp_server_addr = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com' #smtp服务器地址
self.smtp_server_port = 465 #smtp服务器端口
def main_email(self, text, xlsx_path, xlsx_name):
'''
邮件主题,包含邮件正文 + excel 附件
Args:
text:邮件正文内容
xlsx_path: excel文件路径
xlsx_name: excel文件,例如a.xlsx
Returns: 返回要发送的数据,正文和附件
'''
msg =MIMEMultipart()
#添加纯文本,邮件文本内容,字符串格式
text_msg = MIMEText(text, 'html', 'utf-8')
msg.attach(text_msg)
#将xlsx文件作为内容发送到对方的邮箱读取excel,rb形式读取,对于MIMEText()来说默认的编码形式是base64 对于二进制文件来说没有设置base64,会出现乱码
excel_msg = MIMEText(open(xlsx_path, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8')
#设置文件再附件当中的名字
excel_msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', xlsx_name))
#添加到邮件内容msg中
msg.attach(excel_msg)
return msg
def login_email(self):
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtp_server_addr, self.smtp_server_port) #连接smtp服务器
server.connect(self.smtp_server_addr) #连接smtp服务器
result = server.login(self.sender_user, self.sender_password) #登陆邮箱
print("登陆结果: ", result)
return server
def send_email(self, title, to_receiver, msg):
'''
发送邮件
Args:
title: 邮件的主题
to_receiver: 收件人邮箱地址,可以是列表
msg: main_email函数返回的邮件主体
Returns:
'''
server = self.login_email()
msg['Subject'] = title
msg['From'] = self.sender_user
msg['To'] = ','.join(to_receiver)
msg['Accept-Language']='zh-CN'
msg['Accept-Charset']='ISO-8859-1,utf-8'
server.sendmail(self.sender_user, to_receiver, msg.as_string()) #发送邮件
sed_mail = EmailSender()
text = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') + "数据统计"
msg = sed_mail.main_email(text, r'小程序日报V2.0(试行版).xlsx', '小程序日报.xlsx')
sed_mail.send_email(title='数据统计', to_receiver=['yanjie.li@yottacloud.cn', '381347268@qq.com'], msg=ms

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