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Go 语言结构体链表

隐姓埋名4869 人气:0

1. 什么是链表

2. 单项链表的基本操作

3. 使用 struct 定义单链表

struct 定义的三种形式,其中2和3都是返回结构体的指针

//定义
var stu Student

var stu *Student = new(Student)

var stu *Student = &Student {}

//调用
stu.Name   stu.Age    stu.Score
或
(*stu).Name	   (*stu).Age   (*stu).Score

定义一个单项链表
next 是指针类型的属性,指向 Student struct 类型数据,也就是下一个节点的数据类型

type Student struct {
	Name  string
	Age   int
	Score float32
	next  *Student
}

为链表赋值,并遍历链表中的每个节点

package main
import "fmt"
type Student struct {
	Name  string
	Age   int
	Score float32
	next  *Student		//存放下一个结构体的地址,用*直接指向下一个结构体
}
func main() {
	//头部结构体
	var head Student
	head.Name = "张三"
	head.Age = 28
	head.Score = 88
	//第二个结构体节点
	var stu1 Student
	stu1.Name = "李四"
	stu1.Age = 25
	stu1.Score = 100
	head.next = &stu1
	//第三个结构体节点
	var stu2 Student
	stu2.Name = "王五"
	stu2.Age = 18
	stu2.Score = 60
	stu1.next = &stu2
	Req(&head)
}
func Req(tmp *Student) {		//tmp指针是指向下一个结构体的地址,加*就是下一个结构体
	for tmp != nil {			//遍历输出链表中每个结构体,判断是否为空
		fmt.Println(*tmp)
		tmp = tmp.next			//tmp变更为下一个结构体地址
	}
}

//输出结果如下
{张三 28 88 0xc000114480}
{李四 25 100 0xc0001144b0}
{王五 18 60 <nil>}

4. 尾部添加节点方法一

package main
import (
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
)
type Student struct {
	Name  string
	Age   int
	Score float32
	next  *Student
}
func main() {
	//头部结构体
	var head Student
	head.Name = "head"
	head.Age = 28
	head.Score = 88
	//第二个结构体节点
	var stu1 Student
	stu1.Name = "stu1"
	stu1.Age = 25
	stu1.Score = 100
	head.next = &stu1 //头部指向第一个结构体
	//第三个结构体节点
	var stu2 Student
	stu2.Name = "stu2"
	stu2.Age = 18
	stu2.Score = 60
	stu1.next = &stu2 //第一个结构体指向第二个结构体
	//第四个结构体节点
	var stu3 Student
	stu3.Name = "stu3"
	stu3.Age = 18
	stu3.Score = 80
	stu2.next = &stu3 //第二个结构体指向第三个结构体
	//声明变量
	var tail = &stu3
	for i := 4; i < 10; i++ {
		//定义节点
		var stu Student = Student{
			Name:  fmt.Sprintf("stu%d", i),
			Age:   rand.Intn(100),
			Score: rand.Float32() * 100,
		}
		//生产结构体串联
		tail.next = &stu
		tail = &stu
	}
	Req(&head)
}
func Req(tmp *Student) {
	for tmp != nil {
		fmt.Println(*tmp)
		tmp = tmp.next
	}
}

//输出结果如下
{head 28 88 0xc0001144b0}
{stu1 25 100 0xc0001144e0}
{stu2 18 60 0xc000114510}
{stu3 18 80 0xc000114540}
{stu4 81 94.05091 0xc000114570}
{stu5 47 43.77142 0xc0001145a0}
{stu6 81 68.682304 0xc0001145d0}
{stu7 25 15.651925 0xc000114600}
{stu8 56 30.091187 0xc000114630}
{stu9 94 81.36399 <nil>}

方法二,使用函数进行优化

package main
import (
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
)
type Student struct {
	Name  string
	Age   int
	Score float32
	next  *Student
}
func main() {
	//头部结构体
	var head Student
	head.Name = "head"
	head.Age = 28
	head.Score = 88
	TailInsert(&head)
	Req(&head)
}
//循环遍历
func Req(tmp *Student) {
	for tmp != nil {
		fmt.Println(*tmp)
		tmp = tmp.next
	}
}
//添加结构体节点
func TailInsert(tail *Student) {
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		//定义节点
		var stu Student = Student{
			Name:  fmt.Sprintf("stu%d", i),
			Age:   rand.Intn(100),
			Score: rand.Float32() * 100,
		}
		//生产结构体串联
		tail.next = &stu	//指向下一个结构体
		tail = &stu			//把当前的结构体给tail,让其继续循环
	}
}

//输出结果如下
{head 28 88 0xc0001144b0}
{stu0 81 94.05091 0xc0001144e0}
{stu1 47 43.77142 0xc000114510}
{stu2 81 68.682304 0xc000114540}
{stu3 25 15.651925 0xc000114570}
{stu4 56 30.091187 0xc0001145a0}
{stu5 94 81.36399 0xc0001145d0}
{stu6 62 38.06572 0xc000114600}
{stu7 28 46.888985 0xc000114630}
{stu8 11 29.310184 0xc000114660}
{stu9 37 21.855305 <nil>}

5. 头部插入节点方法一

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
)
type Student struct {
	Name  string
	Age   int
	Score float32
	next  *Student
}
func main() {
	//头部结构体
	var head Student
	head.Name = "head"
	head.Age = 28
	head.Score = 88
	//调用头部插入函数
	HeadInsert(&head)
	Req(HeadInsert(&head))
func Req(tmp *Student) {
	for tmp != nil {
		fmt.Println(*tmp)
		tmp = tmp.next
	}
func HeadInsert(p *Student) *Student {
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		var stu = Student{
			Name:  fmt.Sprintf("stu%d", i),
			Age:   rand.Intn(100),
			Score: rand.Float32() * 100,
		}
		//当前新节点指向head,因为head是下一个节点
		stu.next = p //指向下一个节点
		p = &stu     //把当前的结构体给tail,让其继续循环
	return p

//输出结果如下
{stu9 85 30.152267 0xc000094840}
{stu8 37 5.912065 0xc000094810}
{stu7 29 7.9453626 0xc0000947e0}
{stu6 87 60.72534 0xc0000947b0}
{stu5 41 2.8303082 0xc000094780}
{stu4 90 69.67192 0xc000094750}
{stu3 87 20.658266 0xc000094720}
{stu2 47 29.708258 0xc0000946f0}
{stu1 28 86.249146 0xc0000946c0}
{stu0 95 36.08714 0xc0000944b0}
{head 28 88 <nil>}

方法二

使用指针的指针

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
)
type Student struct {
	Name  string
	Age   int
	Score float32
	next  *Student
}
func main() {
	//头部结构体
	var head *Student = &Student{}
	head.Name = "head"
	head.Age = 28
	head.Score = 88
	//调用头部插入函数
	HeadInsert(&head)
	Req(head)
func Req(tmp *Student) {
	for tmp != nil {
		fmt.Println(*tmp)
		tmp = tmp.next
	}
func HeadInsert(p **Student) {
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		var stu = Student{
			Name:  fmt.Sprintf("stu%d", i),
			Age:   rand.Intn(100),
			Score: rand.Float32() * 100,
		}
		//当前新节点指向head,因为head是下一个节点
		stu.next = *p //指向下一个节点
		*p = &stu     //把当前的结构体给tail,让其继续循环

//输出结果如下
{stu9 37 21.855305 0xc000114660}
{stu8 11 29.310184 0xc000114630}
{stu7 28 46.888985 0xc000114600}
{stu6 62 38.06572 0xc0001145d0}
{stu5 94 81.36399 0xc0001145a0}
{stu4 56 30.091187 0xc000114570}
{stu3 25 15.651925 0xc000114540}
{stu2 81 68.682304 0xc000114510}
{stu1 47 43.77142 0xc0001144e0}
{stu0 81 94.05091 0xc0001144b0}
{head 28 88 <nil>}

总结
如果想要外部的数据和函数处理结果进行同步,两种方法:
① 传参,传递指针
② return 进行值的返回

6. 指定节点后添加新节点

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
)
type Student struct {
	Name  string
	Age   int
	Score float32
	next  *Student
}
func main() {
	//头部结构体
	var head *Student = &Student{} //定义指针类型
	head.Name = "head"
	head.Age = 28
	head.Score = 88
	//定义新的节点
	var newNode *Student = &Student{} //定义指针类型
	newNode.Name = "newNode"
	newNode.Age = 19
	newNode.Score = 78
	HeadInsert(&head)
	//指定位置插入函数
	Add(head, newNode)
	Req(head)
func Req(tmp *Student) {
	for tmp != nil {
		fmt.Println(*tmp)
		tmp = tmp.next
	}
func HeadInsert(p **Student) { //传入指针的指针
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		var stu = Student{
			Name:  fmt.Sprintf("stu%d", i),
			Age:   rand.Intn(100),
			Score: rand.Float32() * 100,
		}
		//当前新节点指向head,因为head是下一个节点
		stu.next = *p //指向下一个节点
		*p = &stu     //把当前的结构体给tail,让其继续循环
//p为当前节点,newnode为插入的节点
func Add(p *Student, newNode *Student) {
	for p != nil {
		if p.Name == "stu6" {
			//对接下一个节点
			newNode.next = p.next
			p.next = newNode
		//插入节点指向下一个节点
		p = p.next //p.next赋予给p,继续进行循环遍历

//输出结果如下
{stu9 37 21.855305 0xc0000c0660}
{stu8 11 29.310184 0xc0000c0630}
{stu7 28 46.888985 0xc0000c0600}
{stu6 62 38.06572 0xc0000c04b0}
{newNode 19 78 0xc0000c05d0}
{stu5 94 81.36399 0xc0000c05a0}
{stu4 56 30.091187 0xc0000c0570}
{stu3 25 15.651925 0xc0000c0540}
{stu2 81 68.682304 0xc0000c0510}
{stu1 47 43.77142 0xc0000c04e0}
{stu0 81 94.05091 0xc0000c0480}
{head 28 88 <nil>}

7. 删除节点

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"math/rand"
)
type Student struct {
	Name  string
	Age   int
	Score float32
	next  *Student
}
func main() {
	//头部结构体
	var head *Student = &Student{} //定义指针类型
	head.Name = "head"
	head.Age = 28
	head.Score = 88
	//定义新的节点
	var newNode *Student = &Student{} //定义指针类型
	newNode.Name = "newNode"
	newNode.Age = 19
	newNode.Score = 78
	HeadInsert(&head)
	//指定位置插入函数
	Add(head, newNode)
	//删除节点
	del(head)
	Req(head)
func Req(tmp *Student) {
	for tmp != nil {
		fmt.Println(*tmp)
		tmp = tmp.next
	}
func HeadInsert(p **Student) { //传入指针的指针
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		var stu = Student{
			Name:  fmt.Sprintf("stu%d", i),
			Age:   rand.Intn(100),
			Score: rand.Float32() * 100,
		}
		//当前新节点指向head,因为head是下一个节点
		stu.next = *p //指向下一个节点
		*p = &stu     //把当前的结构体给tail,让其继续循环
//p为当前节点,newnode为插入的节点
func Add(p *Student, newNode *Student) {
	for p != nil {
		if p.Name == "stu6" {
			//对接下一个节点
			newNode.next = p.next
			p.next = newNode
		//插入节点指向下一个节点
		p = p.next //p.next赋予给p,继续进行循环遍历
//删除节点
func del(p *Student) {
	var prev *Student = p			//p=head   prev=head  ——》prev=p
		if p.Name == "newNode" {
			prev.next = p.next
			break
		prev = p			//进行平移,前节点赋值
		p = p.next			//后节点赋值
 

 //输出结果如下
 {stu9 37 21.855305 0xc0000c0660}
{stu8 11 29.310184 0xc0000c0630}
{stu7 28 46.888985 0xc0000c0600}
{stu6 62 38.06572 0xc0000c05d0}
{stu5 94 81.36399 0xc0000c05a0}
{stu4 56 30.091187 0xc0000c0570}
{stu3 25 15.651925 0xc0000c0540}
{stu2 81 68.682304 0xc0000c0510}
{stu1 47 43.77142 0xc0000c04e0}
{stu0 81 94.05091 0xc0000c0480}
{head 28 88 <nil>}

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