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Java调用第三方接口方法

胡萝卜★ 人气:4

一、 通过JDK网络类Java.net.HttpURLConnection

1.java.net包下的原生java api提供的http请求

使用步骤:

1、通过统一资源定位器(java.net.URL)获取连接器(java.net.URLConnection)。

2、设置请求的参数。

3、发送请求。

4、以输入流的形式获取返回内容。

5、关闭输入流。

2.HttpClientUtil工具类

/**
 * jdk 调用第三方接口
 * @author hsq
 */
public class HttpClientUtil2 {


    /**
     * 以post方式调用对方接口方法
     * @param pathUrl
     */
    public static String doPost(String pathUrl, String data){
        OutputStreamWriter out = null;
        BufferedReader br = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            URL url = new URL(pathUrl);

            //打开和url之间的连接
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

            //设定请求的方法为"POST",默认是GET
            //post与get的不同之处在于post的参数不是放在URL字串里面,而是放在http请求的正文内。
            conn.setRequestMethod("POST");

            //设置30秒连接超时
            conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);
            //设置30秒读取超时
            conn.setReadTimeout(30000);

            // 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在http正文内,因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false;
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            // 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认情况下是true;
            conn.setDoInput(true);

            // Post请求不能使用缓存
            conn.setUseCaches(false);

            //设置通用的请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");  //维持长链接
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");

            //连接,从上述url.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成,
            conn.connect();

            /**
             * 下面的三句代码,就是调用第三方http接口
             */
            //获取URLConnection对象对应的输出流
            //此处getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect(即:如同调用上面的connect()方法,所以在开发中不调用上述的connect()也可以)。
            out = new OutputStreamWriter(conn.getOutputStream(), "UTF-8");
            //发送请求参数即数据
            out.write(data);
            //flush输出流的缓冲
            out.flush();

            /**
             * 下面的代码相当于,获取调用第三方http接口后返回的结果
             */
            //获取URLConnection对象对应的输入流
            InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
            //构造一个字符流缓存
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
            String str = "";
            while ((str = br.readLine()) != null){
                result += str;
            }
            System.out.println(result);
            //关闭流
            is.close();
            //断开连接,disconnect是在底层tcp socket链接空闲时才切断,如果正在被其他线程使用就不切断。
            conn.disconnect();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if (out != null){
                    out.close();
                }
                if (br != null){
                    br.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 以get方式调用对方接口方法
     * @param pathUrl
     */
    public static String doGet(String pathUrl){
        BufferedReader br = null;
        String result = "";
        try {
            URL url = new URL(pathUrl);

            //打开和url之间的连接
            HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();

            //设定请求的方法为"GET",默认是GET
            //post与get的不同之处在于post的参数不是放在URL字串里面,而是放在http请求的正文内。
            conn.setRequestMethod("GET");

            //设置30秒连接超时
            conn.setConnectTimeout(30000);
            //设置30秒读取超时
            conn.setReadTimeout(30000);

            // 设置是否向httpUrlConnection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在http正文内,因此需要设为true, 默认情况下是false;
            conn.setDoOutput(true);
            // 设置是否从httpUrlConnection读入,默认情况下是true;
            conn.setDoInput(true);

            // Post请求不能使用缓存(get可以不使用)
            conn.setUseCaches(false);

            //设置通用的请求属性
            conn.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
            conn.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");  //维持长链接
            conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8");

            //连接,从上述url.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成,
            conn.connect();

            /**
             * 下面的代码相当于,获取调用第三方http接口后返回的结果
             */
            //获取URLConnection对象对应的输入流
            InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();
            //构造一个字符流缓存
            br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, "UTF-8"));
            String str = "";
            while ((str = br.readLine()) != null){
                result += str;
            }
            System.out.println(result);
            //关闭流
            is.close();
            //断开连接,disconnect是在底层tcp socket链接空闲时才切断,如果正在被其他线程使用就不切断。
            conn.disconnect();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            try {
                if (br != null){
                    br.close();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}

3.第三方api接口

/**
 * @author hsq
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class HelloWorld {

    private static final Logger log= LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);

    @GetMapping ("/getHello")
    public Result getHelloWord(){
        log.info("进入到api接口.......");
        return Result.success("hello world api get 接口数据");
    }

    @PostMapping("/postHello")
    public Result postHelloWord(@RequestBody User user){
        log.info("进入post 方法.....");
        System.out.println(user.toString());
        return Result.success("hello world api post接口数据");
    }
}

4.测试类

 @Test
    public void testJDKApi(){
        //测试get方法
        String s = HttpClientUtil2.doGet("http://localhost:9092/api/getHello");
        System.out.println("get方法:"+s);
        //测试post方法
        User user = new User();
        user.setUname("胡萝卜");
        user.setRole("普通用户");
        //把对象转换为json格式
        String s1 = JsonUtil.toJson(user);
        String postString = HttpClientUtil2.doPost("http://localhost:9092/api/postHello",s1);
        System.out.println("post方法:"+postString);
    }

结果:

二、通过Apache common封装好的HttpClient

1.引入依赖

 		<!--HttpClient-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
            <version>3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!--json-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.28</version>
        </dependency>

2.httpClientUtil

/**
	*httpClient的get请求方式
     * 使用GetMethod来访问一个URL对应的网页实现步骤:
     * 1.生成一个HttpClient对象并设置相应的参数;
     * 2.生成一个GetMethod对象并设置响应的参数;
     * 3.用HttpClient生成的对象来执行GetMethod生成的Get方法;
     * 4.处理响应状态码;
     * 5.若响应正常,处理HTTP响应内容;
     * 6.释放连接。
 * @author hsq
 */
public class HttpClientUtil {

    /**
     * @param url
     * @param charset
     * @return
     */
    public static String doGet(String url, String charset){
        /**
         * 1.生成HttpClient对象并设置参数
         */
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        //设置Http连接超时为5秒
        httpClient.getHttpConnectionManager().getParams().setConnectionTimeout(5000);

        /**
         * 2.生成GetMethod对象并设置参数
         */
        GetMethod getMethod = new GetMethod(url);
        //设置get请求超时为5秒
        getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.SO_TIMEOUT, 5000);
        //设置请求重试处理,用的是默认的重试处理:请求三次
        getMethod.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.RETRY_HANDLER, new DefaultHttpMethodRetryHandler());

        String response = "";

        /**
         * 3.执行HTTP GET 请求
         */
        try {
            int statusCode = httpClient.executeMethod(getMethod);

            /**
             * 4.判断访问的状态码
             */
            if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK){
                System.err.println("请求出错:" + getMethod.getStatusLine());
            }

            /**
             * 5.处理HTTP响应内容
             */
            //HTTP响应头部信息,这里简单打印
            Header[] headers = getMethod.getResponseHeaders();
            for (Header h: headers){
                System.out.println(h.getName() + "---------------" + h.getValue());
            }
            //读取HTTP响应内容,这里简单打印网页内容
            //读取为字节数组
            byte[] responseBody = getMethod.getResponseBody();
            response = new String(responseBody, charset);
            System.out.println("-----------response:" + response);
            //读取为InputStream,在网页内容数据量大时候推荐使用
            //InputStream response = getMethod.getResponseBodyAsStream();

        } catch (HttpException e) {
            //发生致命的异常,可能是协议不对或者返回的内容有问题
            System.out.println("请检查输入的URL!");
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e){
            //发生网络异常
            System.out.println("发生网络异常!");
        }finally {
            /**
             * 6.释放连接
             */
            getMethod.releaseConnection();
        }
        return response;
    }

    /**
     * post请求
     * @param url
     * @param json
     * @return
     */
    public static String doPost(String url, JSONObject json){
        HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
        PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url);

        postMethod.addRequestHeader("accept", "*/*");
        postMethod.addRequestHeader("connection", "Keep-Alive");
        //设置json格式传送
        postMethod.addRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=utf-8");
        //必须设置下面这个Header
        postMethod.addRequestHeader("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/58.0.3029.81 Safari/537.36");
        //添加请求参数
        //postMethod.addParameter("param", json.getString("param"));
        StringRequestEntity param = new StringRequestEntity(json.getString("param"));
        postMethod.setRequestEntity(param);
        String res = "";
        try {
            int code = httpClient.executeMethod(postMethod);
            if (code == 200){
                byte[] responseBody = postMethod.getResponseBody();
                res = new String(responseBody, "UTF-8");
                //res = postMethod.getResponseBodyAsString();
                System.out.println(res);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return res;
    }
}

3.第三方api接口

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class HelloWorld {

    private static final Logger log= LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);


    @GetMapping ("/getHello")
    public Result getHelloWord(){
        log.info("进入到api接口.......");
        return Result.success("hello world api get 接口数据");
    }

    @PostMapping("/postHello")
    public Result postHelloWord(@RequestBody User user){
        log.info("进入post 方法.....");
        System.out.println(user.toString());
        return Result.success("hello world api post接口数据");
    }

}

4.测试类

 	@Test
    public void testApi() {
        //测试get方法
        String s = HttpClientUtil.doGet("http://localhost:9092/api/getHello", "UTF-8");
        System.out.println("get方法:"+s);
        //测试post方法
        User user = new User();
        user.setUname("胡萝卜");
        user.setRole("普通用户");
        JSONObject jsonObject = new JSONObject();
        String s1 = JsonUtil.toJson(user);
        jsonObject.put("param",s1);
        String postString = HttpClientUtil.doPost("http://localhost:9092/api/postHello", jsonObject);
        System.out.println("post方法:"+postString);
    }

结果:

三、通过Spring的RestTemplate

1.引入依赖

导入springboot的web包

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.4.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>
 
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

2.RestTemplate配置类

/**
 * @author hsq
 */
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig {

    @Bean
    public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){
        return new RestTemplate(factory);
    }

    @Bean
    public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){
        SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
        factory.setConnectTimeout(15000);
        factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
        return factory;
    }
}

3.RestTemplate实现类

/**
 * @author hsq
 */
@Component
public class RestTemplateToInterface {

    @Autowired
    private RestTemplate restTemplate;

    /**
     * 以get方式请求第三方http接口 getForEntity
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public Result doGetWith1(String url){
        ResponseEntity<Result> responseEntity = restTemplate.getForEntity(url, Result.class);
        Result result = responseEntity.getBody();
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 以get方式请求第三方http接口 getForObject
     * 返回值返回的是响应体,省去了我们再去getBody()
     * @param url
     * @return
     */
    public Result doGetWith2(String url){
        Result result  = restTemplate.getForObject(url, Result.class);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * 以post方式请求第三方http接口 postForEntity
     * @param url
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    public String doPostWith1(String url,User user){
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url, user, String.class);
        String body = responseEntity.getBody();
        return body;
    }

    /**
     * 以post方式请求第三方http接口 postForEntity
     * 返回值返回的是响应体,省去了我们再去getBody()
     * @param url
     * @param user
     * @return
     */
    public String doPostWith2(String url,User user){
        String body = restTemplate.postForObject(url, user, String.class);
        return body;
    }

    /**
     * exchange
     * @return
     */
    public String doExchange(String url, Integer age, String name){
        //header参数
        HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
        String token = "asdfaf2322";
        headers.add("authorization", token);
        headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);

        //放入body中的json参数
        JSONObject obj = new JSONObject();
        obj.put("age", age);
        obj.put("name", name);

        //组装
        HttpEntity<JSONObject> request = new HttpEntity<>(obj, headers);
        ResponseEntity<String> responseEntity = restTemplate.exchange(url, HttpMethod.POST, request, String.class);
        String body = responseEntity.getBody();
        return body;
    }
}

4.第三方api接口

/**
 * @author hsq
 */
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api")
public class HelloWorld {

    private static final Logger log= LoggerFactory.getLogger(HelloWorld.class);

    @GetMapping ("/getHello")
    public Result getHelloWord(){
        log.info("进入到api接口.......");
        return Result.success("hello world api get 接口数据");
    }

    @PostMapping("/postHello")
    public Result postHelloWord(@RequestBody User user){
        log.info("进入post 方法.....");
        System.out.println(user.toString());
        return Result.success("hello world api post接口数据");
    }
}

5.测试类

//注入使用
@Autowired
private RestTemplateToInterface restTemplateToInterface;

@Test
public void testSpringBootApi(){
    Result result= restTemplateToInterface.doGetWith1("http://localhost:9092/api/getHello");
    System.out.println("get结果:"+result);
    User user = new User();
    user.setUname("胡萝卜");
    user.setRole("普通用户");
    String s = restTemplateToInterface.doPostWith1("http://localhost:9092/api/postHello", user);
    System.out.println("post结果:"+s);
}

结果:

总结 

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