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ELK搭建日志收集系统

MacroZheng 人气:0

ELK环境安装

ELK是指Elasticsearch、Kibana、Logstash这三种服务搭建的日志收集系统,具体搭建方式可以参考《SpringBoot应用整合ELK实现日志收集》。这里仅提供最新版本的docker-compose脚本和一些安装要点。

docker-compose脚本

version: '3'
services:
  elasticsearch:
    image: elasticsearch:6.4.0
    container_name: elasticsearch
    environment:
      - "cluster.name=elasticsearch" #设置集群名称为elasticsearch
      - "discovery.type=single-node" #以单一节点模式启动
      - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m" #设置使用jvm内存大小
      - TZ=Asia/Shanghai
    volumes:
      - /mydata/elasticsearch/plugins:/usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins #插件文件挂载
      - /mydata/elasticsearch/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data #数据文件挂载
    ports:
      - 9200:9200
      - 9300:9300
  kibana:
    image: kibana:6.4.0
    container_name: kibana
    links:
      - elasticsearch:es #可以用es这个域名访问elasticsearch服务
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch #kibana在elasticsearch启动之后再启动
    environment:
      - "elasticsearch.hosts=http://es:9200" #设置访问elasticsearch的地址
      - TZ=Asia/Shanghai
    ports:
      - 5601:5601
  logstash:
    image: logstash:6.4.0
    container_name: logstash
    environment:
      - TZ=Asia/Shanghai
    volumes:
      - /mydata/logstash/logstash.conf:/usr/share/logstash/pipeline/logstash.conf #挂载logstash的配置文件
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch #kibana在elasticsearch启动之后再启动
    links:
      - elasticsearch:es #可以用es这个域名访问elasticsearch服务
    ports:
      - 4560:4560
      - 4561:4561
      - 4562:4562
      - 4563:4563

安装要点

docker-compose up -d
chmod 777 /mydata/elasticsearch/data/
logstash-plugin install logstash-codec-json_lines

分场景收集日志

这里为了方便我们查看日志,提出一个分场景收集日志的概念,把日志分为以下四种。

Logback配置详解

要实现上面的分场景收集日志,主要通过Logback的配置来实现,我们先来了解下Logback的配置吧!

完全配置

在SpringBoot中,如果我们想要自定义Logback的配置,需要自行编写logback-spring.xml文件,下面是我们这次要使用的完全配置。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration>
<configuration>
    <!--引用默认日志配置-->
    <include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/defaults.xml"/>
    <!--使用默认的控制台日志输出实现-->
    <include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/console-appender.xml"/>
    <!--应用名称-->
    <springProperty scope="context" name="APP_NAME" source="spring.application.name" defaultValue="springBoot"/>
    <!--日志文件保存路径-->
    <property name="LOG_FILE_PATH" value="${LOG_FILE:-${LOG_PATH:-${LOG_TEMP:-${java.io.tmpdir:-/tmp}}}/logs}"/>
    <!--LogStash访问host-->
    <springProperty name="LOG_STASH_HOST" scope="context" source="logstash.host" defaultValue="localhost"/>
    <!--DEBUG日志输出到文件-->
    <appender name="FILE_DEBUG"
              class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <!--输出DEBUG以上级别日志-->
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>DEBUG</level>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <!--设置为默认的文件日志格式-->
            <pattern>${FILE_LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>
        </encoder>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!--设置文件命名格式-->
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_FILE_PATH}/debug/${APP_NAME}-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <!--设置日志文件大小,超过就重新生成文件,默认10M-->
            <maxFileSize>${LOG_FILE_MAX_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize>
            <!--日志文件保留天数,默认30天-->
            <maxHistory>${LOG_FILE_MAX_HISTORY:-30}</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>
    <!--ERROR日志输出到文件-->
    <appender name="FILE_ERROR"
              class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
        <!--只输出ERROR级别的日志-->
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>ERROR</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <encoder>
            <!--设置为默认的文件日志格式-->
            <pattern>${FILE_LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
            <charset>UTF-8</charset>
        </encoder>
        <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
            <!--设置文件命名格式-->
            <fileNamePattern>${LOG_FILE_PATH}/error/${APP_NAME}-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log</fileNamePattern>
            <!--设置日志文件大小,超过就重新生成文件,默认10M-->
            <maxFileSize>${LOG_FILE_MAX_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize>
            <!--日志文件保留天数,默认30天-->
            <maxHistory>${LOG_FILE_MAX_HISTORY:-30}</maxHistory>
        </rollingPolicy>
    </appender>
    <!--DEBUG日志输出到LogStash-->
    <appender name="LOG_STASH_DEBUG" class="net.logstash.logback.appender.LogstashTcpSocketAppender">
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
            <level>DEBUG</level>
        </filter>
        <destination>${LOG_STASH_HOST}:4560</destination>
        <encoder charset="UTF-8" class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LoggingEventCompositeJsonEncoder">
            <providers>
                <timestamp>
                    <timeZone>Asia/Shanghai</timeZone>
                </timestamp>
                <!--自定义日志输出格式-->
                <pattern>
                    <pattern>
                        {
                        "project": "mall-tiny",
                        "level": "%level",
                        "service": "${APP_NAME:-}",
                        "pid": "${PID:-}",
                        "thread": "%thread",
                        "class": "%logger",
                        "message": "%message",
                        "stack_trace": "%exception{20}"
                        }
                    </pattern>
                </pattern>
            </providers>
        </encoder>
        <!--当有多个LogStash服务时,设置访问策略为轮询-->
        <connectionStrategy>
            <roundRobin>
                <connectionTTL>5 minutes</connectionTTL>
            </roundRobin>
        </connectionStrategy>
    </appender>
    <!--ERROR日志输出到LogStash-->
    <appender name="LOG_STASH_ERROR" class="net.logstash.logback.appender.LogstashTcpSocketAppender">
        <filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
            <level>ERROR</level>
            <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
            <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
        </filter>
        <destination>${LOG_STASH_HOST}:4561</destination>
        <encoder charset="UTF-8" class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LoggingEventCompositeJsonEncoder">
            <providers>
                <timestamp>
                    <timeZone>Asia/Shanghai</timeZone>
                </timestamp>
                <!--自定义日志输出格式-->
                <pattern>
                    <pattern>
                        {
                        "project": "mall-tiny",
                        "level": "%level",
                        "service": "${APP_NAME:-}",
                        "pid": "${PID:-}",
                        "thread": "%thread",
                        "class": "%logger",
                        "message": "%message",
                        "stack_trace": "%exception{20}"
                        }
                    </pattern>
                </pattern>
            </providers>
        </encoder>
        <!--当有多个LogStash服务时,设置访问策略为轮询-->
        <connectionStrategy>
            <roundRobin>
                <connectionTTL>5 minutes</connectionTTL>
            </roundRobin>
        </connectionStrategy>
    </appender>
    <!--业务日志输出到LogStash-->
    <appender name="LOG_STASH_BUSINESS" class="net.logstash.logback.appender.LogstashTcpSocketAppender">
        <destination>${LOG_STASH_HOST}:4562</destination>
        <encoder charset="UTF-8" class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LoggingEventCompositeJsonEncoder">
            <providers>
                <timestamp>
                    <timeZone>Asia/Shanghai</timeZone>
                </timestamp>
                <!--自定义日志输出格式-->
                <pattern>
                    <pattern>
                        {
                        "project": "mall-tiny",
                        "level": "%level",
                        "service": "${APP_NAME:-}",
                        "pid": "${PID:-}",
                        "thread": "%thread",
                        "class": "%logger",
                        "message": "%message",
                        "stack_trace": "%exception{20}"
                        }
                    </pattern>
                </pattern>
            </providers>
        </encoder>
        <!--当有多个LogStash服务时,设置访问策略为轮询-->
        <connectionStrategy>
            <roundRobin>
                <connectionTTL>5 minutes</connectionTTL>
            </roundRobin>
        </connectionStrategy>
    </appender>
    <!--接口访问记录日志输出到LogStash-->
    <appender name="LOG_STASH_RECORD" class="net.logstash.logback.appender.LogstashTcpSocketAppender">
        <destination>${LOG_STASH_HOST}:4563</destination>
        <encoder charset="UTF-8" class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LoggingEventCompositeJsonEncoder">
            <providers>
                <timestamp>
                    <timeZone>Asia/Shanghai</timeZone>
                </timestamp>
                <!--自定义日志输出格式-->
                <pattern>
                    <pattern>
                        {
                        "project": "mall-tiny",
                        "level": "%level",
                        "service": "${APP_NAME:-}",
                        "class": "%logger",
                        "message": "%message"
                        }
                    </pattern>
                </pattern>
            </providers>
        </encoder>
        <!--当有多个LogStash服务时,设置访问策略为轮询-->
        <connectionStrategy>
            <roundRobin>
                <connectionTTL>5 minutes</connectionTTL>
            </roundRobin>
        </connectionStrategy>
    </appender>
    <!--控制框架输出日志-->
    <logger name="org.slf4j" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="springfox" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="io.swagger" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="org.springframework" level="INFO"/>
    <logger name="org.hibernate.validator" level="INFO"/>
    <root level="DEBUG">
        <appender-ref ref="CONSOLE"/>
        <!--<appender-ref ref="FILE_DEBUG"/>-->
        <!--<appender-ref ref="FILE_ERROR"/>-->
        <appender-ref ref="LOG_STASH_DEBUG"/>
        <appender-ref ref="LOG_STASH_ERROR"/>
    </root>
    <logger name="com.macro.mall.tiny.component" level="DEBUG">
        <appender-ref ref="LOG_STASH_RECORD"/>
    </logger>
    <logger name="com.macro.mall" level="DEBUG">
        <appender-ref ref="LOG_STASH_BUSINESS"/>
    </logger>
</configuration>

配置要点解析

使用默认的日志配置

一般我们不需要自定义控制台输出,可以采用默认配置,具体配置参考console-appender.xml,该文件在spring-boot-${version}.jar下面。

<!--引用默认日志配置-->
<include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/defaults.xml"/>
<!--使用默认的控制台日志输出实现-->
<include resource="org/springframework/boot/logging/logback/console-appender.xml"/>

springProperty

该标签可以从SpringBoot的配置文件中获取配置属性,比如说在不同环境下我们的Logstash服务地址是不一样的,我们就可以把该地址定义在application.yml来使用。

例如在application-dev.yml中定义了这些属性:

logstash:
  host: localhost

logback-spring.xml中就可以直接这样使用:

<!--应用名称-->
<springProperty scope="context" name="APP_NAME" source="spring.application.name" defaultValue="springBoot"/>
<!--LogStash访问host-->
<springProperty name="LOG_STASH_HOST" scope="context" source="logstash.host" defaultValue="localhost"/>

filter

在Logback中有两种不同的过滤器,用来过滤日志输出。

ThresholdFilter:临界值过滤器,过滤掉低于指定临界值的日志,比如下面的配置将过滤掉所有低于INFO级别的日志。

<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.ThresholdFilter">
    <level>INFO</level>
</filter>

LevelFilter:级别过滤器,根据日志级别进行过滤,比如下面的配置将过滤掉所有非ERROR级别的日志。

<filter class="ch.qos.logback.classic.filter.LevelFilter">
    <level>ERROR</level>
    <onMatch>ACCEPT</onMatch>
    <onMismatch>DENY</onMismatch>
</filter>

appender

Appender可以用来控制日志的输出形式,主要有下面三种。

<appender name="CONSOLE" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
	<encoder>
		<pattern>${CONSOLE_LOG_PATTERN}</pattern>
	</encoder>
</appender>
<!--ERROR日志输出到文件-->
<appender name="FILE_ERROR"
          class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender">
    <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy">
        <!--设置文件命名格式-->
        <fileNamePattern>${LOG_FILE_PATH}/error/${APP_NAME}-%d{yyyy-MM-dd}-%i.log</fileNamePattern>
        <!--设置日志文件大小,超过就重新生成文件,默认10M-->
        <maxFileSize>${LOG_FILE_MAX_SIZE:-10MB}</maxFileSize>
        <!--日志文件保留天数,默认30天-->
        <maxHistory>${LOG_FILE_MAX_HISTORY:-30}</maxHistory>
    </rollingPolicy>
</appender>
<!--ERROR日志输出到LogStash-->
<appender name="LOG_STASH_ERROR" class="net.logstash.logback.appender.LogstashTcpSocketAppender">
    <destination>${LOG_STASH_HOST}:4561</destination>
    <encoder charset="UTF-8" class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LoggingEventCompositeJsonEncoder">
        <providers>
            <timestamp>
                <timeZone>Asia/Shanghai</timeZone>
            </timestamp>
            <!--自定义日志输出格式-->
            <pattern>
                <pattern>
                    {
                    "project": "mall-tiny",
                    "level": "%level",
                    "service": "${APP_NAME:-}",
                    "pid": "${PID:-}",
                    "thread": "%thread",
                    "class": "%logger",
                    "message": "%message",
                    "stack_trace": "%exception{20}"
                    }
                </pattern>
            </pattern>
        </providers>
    </encoder>
    <!--当有多个LogStash服务时,设置访问策略为轮询-->
    <connectionStrategy>
        <roundRobin>
            <connectionTTL>5 minutes</connectionTTL>
        </roundRobin>
    </connectionStrategy>
</appender>

logger

只有配置到logger节点上的appender才会被使用,logger用于配置哪种条件下的日志被打印,root是一种特殊的appender,下面介绍下日志划分的条件。

控制框架输出日志

还有一些使用框架内部的日志,DEBUG级别的日志对我们并没有啥用处,都可以设置为了INFO以上级别。

<!--控制框架输出日志-->
<logger name="org.slf4j" level="INFO"/>
<logger name="springfox" level="INFO"/>
<logger name="io.swagger" level="INFO"/>
<logger name="org.springframework" level="INFO"/>
<logger name="org.hibernate.validator" level="INFO"/>

Logstash配置详解

接下来我们需要配置下Logstash,让它可以分场景收集不同的日志,下面详细介绍下使用到的配置。

完全配置

input {
  tcp {
    mode => "server"
    host => "0.0.0.0"
    port => 4560
    codec => json_lines
    type => "debug"
  }
  tcp {
    mode => "server"
    host => "0.0.0.0"
    port => 4561
    codec => json_lines
    type => "error"
  }
  tcp {
    mode => "server"
    host => "0.0.0.0"
    port => 4562
    codec => json_lines
    type => "business"
  }
  tcp {
    mode => "server"
    host => "0.0.0.0"
    port => 4563
    codec => json_lines
    type => "record"
  }
}
filter{
  if [type] == "record" {
    mutate {
      remove_field => "port"
      remove_field => "host"
      remove_field => "@version"
    }
    json {
      source => "message"
      remove_field => ["message"]
    }
  }
}
output {
  elasticsearch {
    hosts => ["es:9200"]
    action => "index"
    codec => json
    index => "mall-tiny-%{type}-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"
    template_name => "mall-tiny"
  }
}

配置要点

SpringBoot配置

在SpringBoot中的配置可以直接用来覆盖Logback中的配置,比如logging.level.root就可以覆盖<root>节点中的level配置。

logstash:
  host: localhost
logging:
  level:
    root: debug
logstash:
  host: 192.168.3.101
logging:
  level:
    root: debug
logstash:
  host: logstash-prod
logging:
  level:
    root: info

Kibana进阶使用

进过上面ELK环境的搭建和配置以后,我们的日志收集系统终于可以用起来了,下面介绍下在Kibana中的使用技巧!

项目源码地址:

https://github.com/macrozheng/mall-learning/tree/master/mall-tiny-log

SpringBoot实战电商项目mall(35k+star)地址:

https://github.com/macrozheng/mall

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