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typescript ThreeSum

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前言

本文执行环境typescript,版本4.7.4

不使用typescript的计算能力,通过类型来实现ThreeSum

思路整理

实现ThreeSum之前我们先降低下难度,实现TwoSum,因为TwoSum可以作为ThreeSum的基础泛型

TwoSum需要准备什么呢?

完成TwoSum后如何实现ThreeSum?

实现TwoSum

实现减法

因为元组下标是递增有序数列,我们在每次递归的时候返回一个长度+1的新元组并获取长度,就可以对非负整数依次点名了

如求A - B,我们假设A - B永远是非负整数数,无限递归产生新元祖的过程中,排查掉A和B相等后,必定是先点名到B,然后点名到A,而B 到 A的递归次数就是差值,也就是求得的结果

实现这个差值的计算

type GetLen<A extends number, R extends number[], Z extends number[] = []> =
  A extends R['length'] ? Z['length'] : GetLen<A, [...R, 0], [...Z, 0]>;

减法如下:

type Subtract<A extends number, B extends number, R extends number[] = []> =
  A extends B ? 0 :
  A extends R['length'] ? never :
  B extends R['length'] ? GetLen<A, R> :
  Subtract<A, B, [...R, 0]>;

元祖中是否包含差值

求出每一项的差值后,需要判断元组中是否存在,存在则满足 被减数和减数 都存在元祖,作为复合条件的一组返回

type Includes<A extends number[], T extends number, L extends number[] = []> =
  A['length'] extends L['length'] ? false :
  A[L['length']] extends T ? true : Includes<A, T, [...L, 0]>;

递归元组

根据最开始的思路可以实现:

type TwoSum<
  T extends number,
  L extends number[],
  R extends number[][] = [],
  N extends number[] = [],
  Item extends number = L[N['length']],
  SubItem extends number = Subtract<T, Item>,
> = L['length'] extends N['length'] ?
  R : TwoSum<
    T,
    L,
    Includes<L, SubItem> extends true ? [
      ...R,
      [Item, SubItem]
    ] : R,
    [...N, 0]
  >;
  
type t1 = TwoSum<4, [1, 2, 3]>;
// [[1, 3], [2, 2], [3, 1]]

存在缺陷:

出现这两个问题,是因为递归过的被减数仍然保留在元祖中,所以我们需要把递归过的被减数移除掉

优化一下:

type GetNext<T extends number[]> = T extends [number, ...infer U] ? U : [];

type TwoSum<
  T extends number,
  L extends number[],
  R extends number[][] = [],
  Item extends number = L[0],
  SubItem extends number = Subtract<T, Item>,
  NextL extends number[] = GetNext<L>,
> = L['length'] extends 0 ?
  R : TwoSum<
    T,
    NextL,
    Includes<NextL, SubItem> extends true ? [
      ...R,
      [Item, SubItem]
    ] : R
  >;

测试

type t1 = TwoSum<7, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]>;
// [[0, 7], [1, 6], [2, 5], [3, 4]]

type t2 = TwoSum<12, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]>;
// [[3, 9], [4, 8], [5, 7]]

type t3 = TwoSum<20, [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]>;
// []

type t4 = TwoSum<10, [0, 8, 2, 1, 4, 7, 6, 3, 4, 9]>;
// [[8, 2], [1, 9], [4, 6], [7, 3], [6, 4]]

实现ThreeSum

实现排序

之前已经实现typescript的快排,移步:用typescript类型来实现快排

为什么需要实现排序,因为上文中 TwoSum泛型的实现,需要满足

所以排序后可以直接使用TwoSum泛型

实现ThreeSum

// 合并参数到TwoSum的结果,因为TwoSum返回的二元数组
type GetNewList<
  A extends number,
  T extends number[][],
  N extends number[] = [],
  R extends number[][] = []
> = T['length'] extends N['length'] ? R :
  GetNewList<A, T, [...N, 0], [...R, [A, ...T[N['length']]]]>;

type IsArray<T> = T extends number[] ? T : [];

type IsArray2<T> = T extends number[][] ? T : [];

type ThreeSumLoop<
  L extends number[],
  R extends number[][] = [],
  NextL extends number[] = GetNext<L>,
  NewList extends number[][] = IsArray2<TwoSum<L[0], NextL>>
> = L['length'] extends 0 | 1 ? R :
  ThreeSumLoop<NextL, NewList['length'] extends 0 ? R :
  IsArray2<[...R, ...GetNewList<L[0], NewList>]>>;

type ThreeSum<L extends number[]> = ThreeSumLoop<IsArray<QuickSort<L>>>;

测试

type l1 = ThreeSum<[1, 3, 2, 4]>;
// [[4, 3, 1], [3, 2, 1]]

type l2 = ThreeSum<[1, 6, 3, 7, 5, 4, 2]>;
// [[7, 6, 1], [7, 5, 2], [7, 4, 3], [6, 5, 1], [6, 4, 2], [5, 4, 1], [5, 3, 2], [4, 3, 1], [3, 2, 1]]

type l3 = ThreeSum<[0, 5, 15, 10, 5, 25, 20]>;
// [[25, 20, 5], [25, 15, 10], [20, 15, 5], [15, 10, 5], [10, 5, 5], [5, 5, 0]]

type l4 = ThreeSum<[1, 16, 3, 17, 5, 4, 21]>;
// [[21, 17, 4], [21, 16, 5], [17, 16, 1], [5, 4, 1], [4, 3, 1]]

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