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SpringBoot SpringSecurity JWT实现系统安全策略详解

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security进行用户验证和授权;jwt负责颁发令牌与校验,判断用户登录状态

一、原理

1. SpringSecurity过滤器链

SpringSecurity 采用的是责任链的设计模式,它有一条很长的过滤器链。

流程说明:客户端发起一个请求,进入 Security 过滤器链。

当到 LogoutFilter 的时候判断是否是登出路径,如果是登出路径则到 logoutHandler ,如果登出成功则到 logoutSuccessHandler 登出成功处理,如果登出失败则由 ExceptionTranslationFilter ;如果不是登出路径则直接进入下一个过滤器。

当到 UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter 的时候判断是否为登录路径,如果是,则进入该过滤器进行登录操作,如果登录失败则到 AuthenticationFailureHandler 登录失败处理器处理,如果登录成功则到 AuthenticationSuccessHandler 登录成功处理器处理,如果不是登录请求则不进入该过滤器。

当到 FilterSecurityInterceptor 的时候会拿到 uri ,根据 uri 去找对应的鉴权管理器,鉴权管理器做鉴权工作,鉴权成功则到 Controller 层否则到 AccessDeniedHandler 鉴权失败处理器处理。

2. JWT校验

首先前端一样是把登录信息发送给后端,后端查询数据库校验用户的账号和密码是否正确,正确的话则使用jwt生成token,并且返回给前端。以后前端每次请求时,都需要携带token,后端获取token后,使用jwt进行验证用户的token是否无效或过期,验证成功后才去做相应的逻辑。

二、Security+JWT配置说明

1. 添加maven依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
    <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId>
    <version>0.9.1</version>
</dependency>

2. securityConfig配置

/**
 * Security 配置
 */
@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@RequiredArgsConstructor
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled = true)
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    @Autowired
    LoginFailureHandler loginFailureHandler;
    @Autowired
    LoginSuccessHandler loginSuccessHandler;
    @Autowired
    JwtAuthenticationEntryPoint jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint;
    @Autowired
    JwtAccessDeniedHandler jwtAccessDeniedHandler;
    @Autowired
    UserDetailServiceImpl userDetailService;
    @Autowired
    JWTLogoutSuccessHandler jwtLogoutSuccessHandler;
    @Autowired
    CaptchaFilter captchaFilter;
    @Value("${security.enable}")
    private Boolean securityIs = Boolean.TRUE;
    @Value("${security.permit}")
    private String permit;
    @Bean
    public HttpFirewall allowUrlEncodedSlashHttpFirewall() {
        StrictHttpFirewall firewall = new StrictHttpFirewall();
        //此处可添加别的规则,目前只设置 允许双 //
        firewall.setAllowUrlEncodedDoubleSlash(true);
        return firewall;
    }
    @Bean
    JwtAuthenticationFilter jwtAuthenticationFilter() throws Exception {
        JwtAuthenticationFilter jwtAuthenticationFilter = new JwtAuthenticationFilter(authenticationManager(), jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint);
        return jwtAuthenticationFilter;
    }
    @Bean
    public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        ExpressionUrlAuthorizationConfigurer<HttpSecurity>.ExpressionInterceptUrlRegistry registry = http.cors().and().csrf().disable()
                // 登录配置
                .formLogin()
                .successHandler(loginSuccessHandler)
                .failureHandler(loginFailureHandler)
                .and()
                .logout()
                .logoutSuccessHandler(jwtLogoutSuccessHandler)
                // 禁用session
                .and()
                .sessionManagement()
                .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
                // 配置拦截规则
                .and()
                .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers(permit.split(",")).permitAll();
        if (!securityIs) {
            http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/**").permitAll();
        }
        registry.anyRequest().authenticated()
                // 异常处理器
                .and()
                .exceptionHandling()
                .authenticationEntryPoint(jwtAuthenticationEntryPoint)
                .accessDeniedHandler(jwtAccessDeniedHandler)
                // 配置自定义的过滤器
                .and()
                .addFilter(jwtAuthenticationFilter())
                // 验证码过滤器放在UsernamePassword过滤器之前
                .addFilterBefore(captchaFilter, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class);
    }
    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.userDetailsService(userDetailService);
    }
}

3. JwtAuthenticationFilter校验token

package cn.piesat.gf.filter;

import cn.hutool.core.exceptions.ExceptionUtil;
import cn.hutool.core.util.StrUtil;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import cn.piesat.gf.dao.user.SysUserDao;
import cn.piesat.gf.model.entity.user.SysUser;
import cn.piesat.gf.exception.ExpiredAuthenticationException;
import cn.piesat.gf.exception.MyAuthenticationException;
import cn.piesat.gf.service.user.impl.UserDetailServiceImpl;
import cn.piesat.gf.utils.Constants;
import cn.piesat.gf.utils.JwtUtils;
import cn.piesat.gf.utils.Result;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.web.AuthenticationEntryPoint;
import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.www.BasicAuthenticationFilter;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
@Slf4j
public class JwtAuthenticationFilter extends BasicAuthenticationFilter {
    private AuthenticationEntryPoint authenticationEntryPoint;
    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
    @Autowired
    JwtUtils jwtUtils;
    @Autowired
    UserDetailServiceImpl userDetailService;
    @Autowired
    SysUserDao sysUserRepository;
    @Autowired
    RedisTemplate redisTemplate;
    @Value("${security.single}")
    private Boolean singleLogin = false;
    public JwtAuthenticationFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, AuthenticationEntryPoint authenticationEntryPoint) {
        super(authenticationManager, authenticationEntryPoint);
        Assert.notNull(authenticationManager, "authenticationManager cannot be null");
        Assert.notNull(authenticationEntryPoint, "authenticationEntryPoint cannot be null");
        this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
        this.authenticationEntryPoint = authenticationEntryPoint;
    }
    public JwtAuthenticationFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager) {
        super(authenticationManager);
    }
    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        String jwt = request.getHeader(jwtUtils.getHeader());
        // 这里如果没有jwt,继续往后走,因为后面还有鉴权管理器等去判断是否拥有身份凭证,所以是可以放行的
        // 没有jwt相当于匿名访问,若有一些接口是需要权限的,则不能访问这些接口
        if (StrUtil.isBlankOrUndefined(jwt)) {
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
            return;
        }
        try {
            Claims claim = jwtUtils.getClaimsByToken(jwt);
            if (claim == null) {
                throw new MyAuthenticationException("token 异常");
            }
            if (jwtUtils.isTokenExpired(claim)) {
                throw new MyAuthenticationException("token 已过期");
            }
            String username = claim.getSubject();
            Object o1 = redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(Constants.TOKEN_KEY + username);
            String o = null;
            if(!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(o1)){
                o = o1.toString();
            }
            if (!StringUtils.hasText(o)) {
                throw new ExpiredAuthenticationException("您的登录信息已过期,请重新登录!");
            }
            if (singleLogin && StringUtils.hasText(o) && !jwt.equals(o)) {
                throw new MyAuthenticationException("您的账号已别处登录,您已下线,如有异常请及时修改密码!");
            }
            // 获取用户的权限等信息
            SysUser sysUser = sysUserRepository.findByUserName(username);
            // 构建UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken,这里密码为null,是因为提供了正确的JWT,实现自动登录
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken token = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, null, userDetailService.getUserAuthority(sysUser.getUserId()));
            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(token);
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
        } catch (AuthenticationException e) {
            log.error(ExceptionUtil.stacktraceToString(e));
            authenticationEntryPoint.commence(request, response, e);
            return;
        } catch (Exception e){
            log.error(ExceptionUtil.stacktraceToString(e));
            response.getOutputStream().write(JSONUtil.toJsonStr(Result.fail(e.getMessage())).getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
            response.getOutputStream().flush();
            response.getOutputStream().close();
            return;
        }
    }
}

4. JWT生成与解析工具类

package cn.piesat.gf.utils;
import cn.hutool.core.exceptions.ExceptionUtil;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.util.Date;
@Data
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "jwt.config")
@Slf4j
public class JwtUtils {
    private long expire;
    private String secret;
    private String header;
    // 生成JWT
    public String generateToken(String username) {
        Date nowDate = new Date();
        Date expireDate = new Date(nowDate.getTime() + 1000 * expire);
        return Jwts.builder()
                .setHeaderParam("typ", "JWT")
                .setSubject(username)
                .setIssuedAt(nowDate)
                .setExpiration(expireDate)
                .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret)
                .compact();
    }
    // 解析JWT
    public Claims getClaimsByToken(String jwt) {
        try {
            return Jwts.parser()
                    .setSigningKey(secret)
                    .parseClaimsJws(jwt)
                    .getBody();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error(ExceptionUtil.stacktraceToString(e));
            return null;
        }
    }
    // 判断JWT是否过期
    public boolean isTokenExpired(Claims claims) {
        return claims.getExpiration().before(new Date());
    }
}

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