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Spring Boot中的SpringSecurity基础教程

缘友一世 人气:0

一 SpringSecurity简介

二 实战演示

0. 环境 介绍

1. 新建一个初始的springboot项目

2. 导入thymeleaf依赖

<!--thymeleaf-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
    <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
    <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-java8time</artifactId>
</dependency>

3. 导入静态资源

4. 编写controller跳转

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * @author 缘友一世
 * date 2022/9/11-21:56
 */
@Controller
public class RouterController {
    @RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
    public String index() {
         return "index";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/toLogin")
    public String toLogin() {
        return "views/login";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/level1/{id}")
    public String level1(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
        return "views/level1/"+id;
    }
    @RequestMapping("/level2/{id}")
    public String level2(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
        return "views/level2/"+id;
    }
    @RequestMapping("/level3/{id}")
    public String level3(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
        return "views/level3/"+id;
    }
}

5. 认证和授权

引入Spring Security模块

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>

2.编写 Spring Security 配置类

参考官网

帮助文档


import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;

/**
 * @author 缘友一世
 * date 2022/9/11-22:13
 */
// 开启WebSecurity模式
@EnableWebSecurity //AOP 拦截器
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    //链式编程
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
       
    }

import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;

/**
 * @author 缘友一世
 * date 2022/9/11-22:13
 */
// 开启WebSecurity模式
@EnableWebSecurity //AOP 拦截器
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    //链式编程
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
       
    }

3.定制请求的授权规则

 //链式编程
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        //首页所有人可以访问,功能页面只有对应的人可以访问
        //请求授权的规则
        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1")
                .antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2")
                .antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3");
    }

4.测试一下:发现除了首页都进不去了!因为我们目前没有登录的角色,因为请求需要登录的角色拥有对应的权限才可以

5.在 configure() 方法中加入以下配置,开启自动配置的登录功能

//没有权限默认回到登录页面,需要开启登录的页面
http.formLogin();

6.定义认证规则,重写 configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) 方法

/**
     * 要将前端传过来的密码进行某种方式加密,否则就无法登录
     * @param auth
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override //认证 密码编码 PassWordEncoder
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {

        auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
                .withUser("yang").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip2","vip3")
                .and()
                .withUser("root").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2","vip3")
                .and()
                .withUser("guest").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1");
    }

6. 权限控制和注销

开启自动配置的注销的功能

@EnableWebSecurity //AOP 拦截器
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    //链式编程
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        //首页所有人可以访问,功能页面只有对应的人可以访问
        //请求授权的规则
        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1")
                .antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2")
                .antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3");
        //注销 跳到首页
        http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/");

在前端,增加一个注销的按钮, index.html 导航栏中

<a class="item" th:href="@{/logout}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >
	<i class="address card icon"></i> 注销
</a>

不同身份的用户,显示不同内容

 <!--thymeleaf-security整合包-->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.thymeleaf.extras/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
        <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

在前端页面导入命名空间

<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
  xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4">

修改导航栏,增加认证判断

<!--index.html-->
<!--登录注销-->
            <div class="right menu">
                <!--如果未登录-->
                <div sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated()">
                    <a class="item" th:href="@{/toLogin}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >
                        <i class="address card icon"></i> 登录
                    </a>
                </div>

                <!--如果登陆了:用户名、注销-->
                <!--当登录、用户名、退出同时出现,是spring版本太高了,降至2.0.9/7 就能正常了-->
                <div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
                    <a class="item" >
                        用户名:<span sec:authentication="name"></span>
                    </a>
                </div>
                <div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
                    <a class="item" th:href="@{/logout}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >
                        <i class="sign-out icon"></i> 注销
                    </a>
                </div>
            </div>
如果注销404,就是因为它默认防止csrf跨站请求伪造,因为会产生安全问题,我们可以将请求改为post表单提交,或者在spring security中关闭csrf功能;我们试试
	//链式编程
	    @Override
	    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
	        //首页所有人可以访问,功能页面只有对应的人可以访问
	        //请求授权的规则
	        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
	                .antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1")
	                .antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2")
	                .antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3");
	        //没有权限默认回到登录页面,需要开启登录的页面
	        http.formLogin().loginProcessingUrl("/login");
	
	        //防止网站攻击 csrf--跨站请求伪造
	        http.csrf().disable();
	        //注销 跳到首页
	        http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/");
	    }

角色功能块

 <div>
        <br>
        <div class="ui three column stackable grid">

            <div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip1')">
                <div class="ui raised segment">
                    <div class="ui">
                        <div class="content">
                            <h5 class="content">Level 1</h5>
                            <hr>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level1/1}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-1</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level1/2}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-2</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level1/3}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-3</a></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip2')">
                <div class="ui raised segment">
                    <div class="ui">
                        <div class="content">
                            <h5 class="content">Level 2</h5>
                            <hr>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level2/1}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-1</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level2/2}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-2</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level2/3}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-3</a></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip3')">
                <div class="ui raised segment">
                    <div class="ui">
                        <div class="content">
                            <h5 class="content">Level 3</h5>
                            <hr>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level3/1}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-1</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level3/2}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-2</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level3/3}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-3</a></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
    </div>

7. 记住登录

开启记住我功能

//链式编程
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        //首页所有人可以访问,功能页面只有对应的人可以访问
        //请求授权的规则
        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1")
                .antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2")
                .antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3");
        //没有权限默认回到登录页面,需要开启登录的页面
        http.formLogin().loginProcessingUrl("/login");// 登陆表单提交请求

        //防止网站攻击 csrf--跨站请求伪造
        http.csrf().disable();
        //注销 跳到首页
        http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/");
        //开启记住功能 cookie默认保持两周 自定义接收前端的参数
        http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("remember");
    }

原理:登录成功后,将cookie发送给浏览器保存,以后登录带上这个cookie,只要通过检查就可以免登录了。如果点击注销,则会删除这个cookie

8. 定制登录页面

在登录页配置后面指定.loginPage

<form th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
    <div class="field">
        <label>Username</label>
        <div class="ui left icon input">
            <input type="text" placeholder="Username" name="username">
            <i class="user icon"></i>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="field">
        <label>Password</label>
        <div class="ui left icon input">
            <input type="password" name="password">
            <i class="lock icon"></i>
        </div>
    </div>
    <div class="field">
        <input type="checkbox" name="remember"> 记住我
    </div>
    <input type="submit" class="ui blue submit button"/>
</form>

login.html 配置提交请求及方式,方式必须为post

//链式编程
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        //首页所有人可以访问,功能页面只有对应的人可以访问
        //请求授权的规则
        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1")
                .antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2")
                .antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3");
        //没有权限默认回到登录页面,需要开启登录的页面
        http.formLogin().loginPage("/toLogin");

        //防止网站攻击 csrf--跨站请求伪造
        http.csrf().disable();
        //注销 跳到首页
        http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/");
        //开启记住功能 cookie默认保持两周 自定义接收前端的参数
        http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("remember");
    }

配置接收登录的用户名和密码的参数!

http.formLogin()
.usernameParameter("username")
.passwordParameter("password")
.loginPage("/toLogin")
.loginProcessingUrl("/login"); // 登陆表单提交请求

在登录页增加记住我的多选框

<input type="checkbox" name="remember"> 记住我

后端验证处理

//定制记住我的参数!
http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("remember");

三 完整代码

3.1 pom配置文件

<dependencies>
   <!--thymeleaf-security整合包-->
    <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.thymeleaf.extras/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4 -->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
        <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4</artifactId>
        <version>3.0.4.RELEASE</version>
    </dependency>

    <!--thymeleaf-->
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
        <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring5</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
        <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-java8time</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
</dependencies>

3.2 RouterController.java

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * @author 缘友一世
 * date 2022/9/11-21:56
 */
@Controller
public class RouterController {
    @RequestMapping({"/","/index"})
    public String index() {
         return "index";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/toLogin")
    public String toLogin() {
        return "views/login";
    }
    @RequestMapping("/level1/{id}")
    public String level1(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
        return "views/level1/"+id;
    }
    @RequestMapping("/level2/{id}")
    public String level2(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
        return "views/level2/"+id;
    }
    @RequestMapping("/level3/{id}")
    public String level3(@PathVariable("id") int id) {
        return "views/level3/"+id;
    }
}

3.3 SecurityConfig.java

import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity;
import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter;
import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder;

/**
 * @author 缘友一世
 * date 2022/9/11-22:13
 */

@EnableWebSecurity //AOP 拦截器
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
    //链式编程
    @Override
    protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        //首页所有人可以访问,功能页面只有对应的人可以访问
        //请求授权的规则
        http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/").permitAll()
                .antMatchers("/level1/**").hasRole("vip1")
                .antMatchers("/level2/**").hasRole("vip2")
                .antMatchers("/level3/**").hasRole("vip3");
        //没有权限默认回到登录页面,需要开启登录的页面
        http.formLogin().usernameParameter("username")
                        .passwordParameter("password")
                        .loginPage("/toLogin")
                		.loginProcessingUrl("/login");

        //防止网站攻击 csrf--跨站请求伪造
        http.csrf().disable();
        //注销 跳到首页
        http.logout().logoutSuccessUrl("/");
        //开启记住功能 cookie默认保持两周 自定义接收前端的参数
        http.rememberMe().rememberMeParameter("remember");
    }
	
	/**
     * 要将前端传过来的密码进行某种方式加密,否则就无法登录
     * @param auth
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override //认证 密码编码 PassWordEncoder
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {

        auth.inMemoryAuthentication().passwordEncoder(new BCryptPasswordEncoder())
                .withUser("yang").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip2","vip3")
                .and()
                .withUser("root").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1","vip2","vip3")
                .and()
                .withUser("guest").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123456")).roles("vip1");
    }
}

3.4 login.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
    <title>登录</title>
    <!--semantic-ui-->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">

    <div class="ui segment">

        <div style="text-align: center">
            <h1 class="header">登录</h1>
        </div>

        <div class="ui placeholder segment">
            <div class="ui column very relaxed stackable grid">
                <div class="column">
                    <div class="ui form">
                        <form th:action="@{/login}" method="post">
                            <div class="field">
                                <label>Username</label>
                                <div class="ui left icon input">
                                    <input type="text" placeholder="Username" name="username">
                                    <i class="user icon"></i>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="field">
                                <label>Password</label>
                                <div class="ui left icon input">
                                    <input type="password" name="password">
                                    <i class="lock icon"></i>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="field">
                                <input type="checkbox" name="remember"> 记住我
                            </div>
                            <input type="submit" class="ui blue submit button"/>
                        </form>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>

        <div style="text-align: center">
            <div class="ui label">
                </i>注册
            </div>
            <br><br>
            <small>blog.kuangstudy.com</small>
        </div>
        <div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
            <h3>Spring Security Study</h3>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>

</body>
</html>

3.5 index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
      xmlns:sec="http://www.thymeleaf.org/thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity4">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
    <title>首页</title>
    <!--semantic-ui-->
    <link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/semantic-ui/2.4.1/semantic.min.css" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="stylesheet">
    <link th:href="@{/qinjiang/css/qinstyle.css}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>

<!--主容器-->
<div class="ui container">

    <div class="ui segment" id="index-header-nav" th:fragment="nav-menu">
        <div class="ui secondary menu">
            <a class="item"  th:href="@{/index}" rel="external nofollow" >首页</a>

            <!--登录注销-->
            <div class="right menu">
                <!--如果未登录-->
                <div sec:authorize="!isAuthenticated()">
                    <a class="item" th:href="@{/toLogin}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >
                        <i class="address card icon"></i> 登录
                    </a>
                </div>

                <!--如果登陆了:用户名、注销-->
                <!--当登录、用户名、退出同时出现,是spring版本太高了,降至2.0.9/7 就能正常了-->
                <div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
                    <a class="item" >
                        用户名:<span sec:authentication="name"></span>
                    </a>
                </div>
                <div sec:authorize="isAuthenticated()">
                    <a class="item" th:href="@{/logout}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" >
                        <i class="sign-out icon"></i> 注销
                    </a>
                </div>
                <!--已登录
                <a th:href="@{/usr/toUserCenter}" rel="external nofollow" >
                    <i class="address card icon"></i> admin
                </a>
                -->
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="ui segment" style="text-align: center">
        <h3>Spring Security Study</h3>
    </div>

    <div>
        <br>
        <div class="ui three column stackable grid">

            <div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip1')">
                <div class="ui raised segment">
                    <div class="ui">
                        <div class="content">
                            <h5 class="content">Level 1</h5>
                            <hr>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level1/1}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-1</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level1/2}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-2</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level1/3}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-1-3</a></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip2')">
                <div class="ui raised segment">
                    <div class="ui">
                        <div class="content">
                            <h5 class="content">Level 2</h5>
                            <hr>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level2/1}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-1</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level2/2}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-2</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level2/3}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-2-3</a></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="column" sec:authorize="hasRole('vip3')">
                <div class="ui raised segment">
                    <div class="ui">
                        <div class="content">
                            <h5 class="content">Level 3</h5>
                            <hr>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level3/1}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-1</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level3/2}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-2</a></div>
                            <div><a th:href="@{/level3/3}" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow" ><i class="bullhorn icon"></i> Level-3-3</a></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

        </div>
    </div>
    
</div>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/jquery-3.1.1.min.js}"></script>
<script th:src="@{/qinjiang/js/semantic.min.js}"></script>

</body>
</html>

3.6 效果展示

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